Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55(2), February 2011, pp.172-181.
Publisher:
Wiley
All had a comprehensive physical and mental health assessment. The point prevalence of anxiety disorders according to different diagnostic criteria was determined, as were independently associated factors. At the time of the assessment 3.8%, of the cohort had an anxiety disorder. Generalised anxiety disorder was the most common (1.7%), then agoraphobia (0.7%). Results are reported for eight types...
Estimates of the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) vary widely; general anxiety disorder ranging from less than 2% to 17.4% compared to 4.4% in the general public. Little is known about associated factors in this population. Information was collected regarding 1023 adults with IDs who participated in a large-scale, population-based study in Scotland. All had a comprehensive physical and mental health assessment. The point prevalence of anxiety disorders according to different diagnostic criteria was determined, as were independently associated factors. At the time of the assessment 3.8%, of the cohort had an anxiety disorder. Generalised anxiety disorder was the most common (1.7%), then agoraphobia (0.7%). Results are reported for eight types of anxiety disorder. Factors independently associated with having an anxiety disorder were not having any daytime employment, and having a recent history of life events. Having previously been a long-term hospital resident was independently associated with not having an anxiety disorder. The authors conclude that anxiety disorders are in fact common in the ID population. They suggest that it might be sensible for carers to be vigilant and to consider proactively providing additional support at times of significant life events.
Subject terms:
learning disabilities, life events, agoraphobia, anxiety;
British Journal of Psychiatry, 188(5), May 2006, pp.432-438.
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Theories regarding how spontaneous panic and agoraphobia relate are based mostly on cross-sectional and/or clinic data. The aim was to determine how spontaneous panic and agoraphobia relate longitudinally, and to estimate the incidence rate of and other possible risk factors for first-onset agoraphobia, using a general population cohort. A sample of 1920 adults in east Baltimore were assessed...
Theories regarding how spontaneous panic and agoraphobia relate are based mostly on cross-sectional and/or clinic data. The aim was to determine how spontaneous panic and agoraphobia relate longitudinally, and to estimate the incidence rate of and other possible risk factors for first-onset agoraphobia, using a general population cohort. A sample of 1920 adults in east Baltimore were assessed in 1981–1982 and the mid-1990s with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Psychiatrist diagnoses were made in a subset of the sample at follow-up (n=816). Forty-one new cases of DIS/DSM–III–R agoraphobia were identified (about 2 per 1000 person-years at risk). As expected, baseline DIS/DSM–III panic disorder predicted first incidence of agoraphobia, as did younger age, female gender and other age, female gender and other phobias.Importantly, baseline agoraphobia without spontaneous panic attacks also predicted first incidence of panic disorder. Longitudinal relationships between panic disorder and psychiatrist-confirmed agoraphobia were strong. The implied one-way causal relationship between spontaneous panic attacks and agoraphobia in DSM–IV appears incorrect.
FURUKAWA Toshi A., WATANABE Norio, CHURCHILL Rachel
Journal article citation:
British Journal of Psychiatry, 188(4), April 2006, pp.305-312.
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
...and was as effective as psychotherapy. Either combined therapy or psychotherapy alone may be chosen as first-line treatment for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, depending on the patient’s preferences.
Panic disorder can be treated with psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy or a combination of both. The aim was to summarise the evidence concerning the short- and long-term benefits and adverse effects of a combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant treatment. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were undertaken using data from all relevant randomised controlled trials identified by a comprehensive literature search. The primary outcome was relative risk (RR) of response. The authors identified 23 randomised comparisons (21 trials involving a total of 1709 patients). In the acute-phase treatment, the combined therapy was superior to antidepressant pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy. After termination of the acute-phase treatment, the combined therapy was more effective than pharmacotherapy alone and was as effective as psychotherapy. Either combined therapy or psychotherapy alone may be chosen as first-line treatment for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, depending on the patient’s preferences.
Clinical Social Work Journal, 33(1), Spring 2005, pp.21-36.
Publisher:
Springer
Place of publication:
New York
This paper describes the intensive, long-term psychotherapy of a woman, severely abused in childhood, who remembered her abusive experiences although devoid of any affect. Alex was agoraphobic and unable to sustain intimate relationships. This paper describes how, during the course of this long-term therapy, she used improvisational acting techniques to access and integrate those repressed affects.
This paper describes the intensive, long-term psychotherapy of a woman, severely abused in childhood, who remembered her abusive experiences although devoid of any affect. Alex was agoraphobic and unable to sustain intimate relationships. This paper describes how, during the course of this long-term therapy, she used improvisational acting techniques to access and integrate those repressed affects.
University of Lancaster. Institute for Health Research
Publication year:
2003
Pagination:
23p.
Place of publication:
Lancaster
Among the themes that were uncovered was the place of panic and anxiety in the development and maintenance of agoraphobia – this topic, as you might expect, cropped up time and again throughout the interviews. Interviewees would often also talk at length about the effect of their disorder on the way they went about their everyday lives, structuring their discussion around themes like home, family
Among the themes that were uncovered was the place of panic and anxiety in the development and maintenance of agoraphobia – this topic, as you might expect, cropped up time and again throughout the interviews. Interviewees would often also talk at length about the effect of their disorder on the way they went about their everyday lives, structuring their discussion around themes like home, family life and domestic duties, as well as the distinctions between what was felt to be this ‘personal’ space, and what is usually thought of as ‘public’ space. In relation to the second, more difficult ‘social’ arena, interviewees often dwell on discussion of shopping and consumer spaces, and of the protective strategies they adopt to help them manage their anxieties in places like these. One other theme relates to issues around ‘boundaries’, by which is meant our sense of what usually separates us off from the rest of the world.
Subject terms:
interviewing, life style, self-concept, agoraphobia, anxiety;
British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45(3), September 2006, pp.377-391.
Publisher:
Wiley
...to determine factorial invariance. Pearson correlations were determined between the SCL-90-R and aforementioned measures. The factorial invariance of an 8-dimensional model of primary factors underlying the SCL-90-R, namely, agoraphobia, anxiety, depression, somatization, cognitive-performance deficits, interpersonal sensitivity-mistrust, acting-out hostility and sleep difficulties, was extended with success
There are no studies available that have examined the factorial invariance of dimensions underlying the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) across at least three distinct samples. In the following study, we wished to determine whether a dimensional model comprising eight primary factors previously identified in psychiatric out-patients, phobics and the general population (Arrindell & Ettema, 2003) could be extended to a homogeneous sample of pain patients comprising females suffering from peri partum pelvic pain (PPPP) syndrome (N=413). The internal consistency and discriminant validity of the dimensions were also examined. The SCL-90-R and measures of disability, pain-related fear, pain intensity and fatigue were administered to the participants. The multiple group method was used to determine factorial invariance. Pearson correlations were determined between the SCL-90-R and aforementioned measures. The factorial invariance of an 8-dimensional model of primary factors underlying the SCL-90-R, namely, agoraphobia, anxiety, depression, somatization, cognitive-performance deficits, interpersonal sensitivity-mistrust, acting-out hostility and sleep difficulties, was extended with success to the present sample of PPPP patients. In spite of substantial correlations between the internally consistent SCL-90-R symptom dimensions, some evidence of discriminant validity was reported in that specific subscales showed different patterns of correlations with measures of disability, pain-related fear, pain intensity and fatigue. The 8-dimensional system based on the work of Arrindell and Ettema (2003) was invariant across psychiatric patients, phobics, the general population and pain patients. The invariance of the SCL-90-R hostility dimensions may have implications for a re-formulation of Watson and Clark's tripartite model of general distress, specific anxiety and specific depression.
Subject terms:
mental health problems, pain, agoraphobia, anxiety, depression;
Provides practical advice on psychological and emotional states of anxiety, phobia and panic attack. Covers: different types of anxiety disorders; causes and symptoms; practical ways to help keep anxiety under control; and what help is available and where to find it.
Provides practical advice on psychological and emotional states of anxiety, phobia and panic attack. Covers: different types of anxiety disorders; causes and symptoms; practical ways to help keep anxiety under control; and what help is available and where to find it.