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Instruments for research on transition: applied methods and approaches for exploring the transition of young care leavers to adulthood
- Authors:
- HARDER Annemiek T., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 33(12), December 2011, pp.2431-2441.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The transition to adulthood of young people leaving care is an important area for researchers. Young people who have been in care show relatively poor outcomes in comparison to young people who have not been in care, and run a high risk of social exclusion. However, little is known about the different research approaches and research instruments that are being used in studying this topic. This review explores the approaches and instruments that are used in empirical studies that focus on young care leavers' transitions to adulthood. The results show that the studies apply a diversity of topics and instruments, but that there is also considerable overlap. The quality of data varies significantly between countries. To make better comparisons on the transition from out-of-home care to adulthood between different countries, a common research framework and one or more research instruments should be developed that can assess this transition and the situation of young care leavers in international contexts.
Reconstructing adolescence after displacement: experience from Eastern Africa
- Author:
- TEFFERI Hirut
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Society, 21(4), July 2007, pp.297-308.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article explores the ways in which war and forced migration have impacted on traditional ideas and practices surrounding adolescence and, as a consequence, influenced actual lives. A particular focus is given to the roles and responsibilities of adolescents, for whom a tension often exists between the pressures to achieve social adulthood and to gain assistance through presenting themselves as children. Their quest to achieve adulthood is often hampered by the abandonment of initiation practices due to the conditions of conflict and displacement. At the same time military mobilisation and the work of international humanitarian organisations provide new avenues for the possible enhancement of their social status. This article provides examples from across the region that illustrate the ways in which adolescence itself is being reconfigured as a result of these changes.
Integrating children's savings accounts in the care and support of orphaned adolescents in rural Uganda
- Authors:
- SSEWAMALA Fred M., ISMAYILOVA Leyla
- Journal article citation:
- Social Service Review, 83(3), September 2009, pp.453-472.
- Publisher:
- University of Chicago Press
Under an economic empowerment model of care, 277 AIDS‐orphaned young people (ages 11–17) from 15 comparable schools were randomly assigned to either the usual care (provision of counselling and education‐related supplies), or the experimental condition, in which participants also received matched‐savings accounts. Findings show that poor families in rural Uganda can and do save for their young people if provided with support and incentives. Statistically significant differences between young people in the experimental and control groups on attitudes toward saving, academic performance, educational aspirations and health‐related behaviour were also found. The results suggest that savings‐related interventions have a place in the care and support of the increasing number of orphans in poor sub‐Saharan Africa.
Faith-based programs and outcomes for street-living youth in Los Angeles, Mumbai and Nairobi: a comparative study
- Authors:
- FERGUSON Kristin M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Social Work, 51(2), March 2008, pp.159-177.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This study explores programs and outcomes for homeless street youth in faith-based organizations in Los Angeles, Mumbai and Nairobi. Findings reveal differences in conceptions of street youth and services provided. Similarities are manifested in client outcomes. Recommendations are offered to improve social welfare policies and service provision for street youth.
Inclusion of AIDS educational messages in rites of passage ceremonies: reaching young people in tribal communities
- Authors:
- GROCE Nora, MAWAR Nita, MACNAMARA Marina
- Journal article citation:
- Culture, Health and Sexuality, 8(4), July 2006, pp.303-315.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The impact of HIV on tribal populations has received little attention. Often living in remote areas, further isolated by language, tradition and endogamous marriage patters, members of such communities have been assumed to be at lower risk for HIV. However, there is growing awareness that tribal peoples are sometimes at considerable risk for HIV, as well as other sexually transmitted infections. Young people in such communities may be particularly vulnerable. Traditional practices may forbid discussion of sex at the same time as increasing exposure to outside influences bring new attitudes and expectations about sex and sexuality. Concerned about the implications of the HIV epidemic on tribal populations, a review was conducted of available data on the HIV epidemic within tribal groups. Based on findings from this review, we propose a largely unexplored avenue for reaching tribal populations: namely, the incorporation of the HIV and AIDS related messages into traditional coming of age ceremonies. Such an intervention however can be one component of a comprehensive approach to reaching these often hard‐to‐reach populations but it may be an especially effective way to reach young people within these communities.
Intimacy revealed: sexual experimentation and the construction of risk among young people in Mozambique
- Author:
- KARLYN A. S.
- Journal article citation:
- Culture, Health and Sexuality, 7(3), May 2005, pp.279-292.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The expanding AIDS epidemic in Mozambique is fuelled principally by heterosexual transmission, with young people identified as a key group for prevention efforts. However, little is known about the sexual behaviour of young people in Mozambique and the protective practices they adopt. This paper seeks to identify the contexts and rules governing sexual risk-taking among young people in Maputo. In doing so, the paper affirms the importance of context in understanding risk practices, but highlights the fluidity of practice as an important limitation for the use of contextual analysis in prevention interventions. By focusing on one innovation, the saca cena one-night stand, this paper shows how a subgroup of young people in Maputo has redefined a “risky” sexual practice to include exclusive condom use. As a risk context, the saca cena dictates a set of implicit rules emphasizing anonymity, discretion, verbal and non-verbal cues, and for a set of select innovators, condom use. The saca cena challenges the hegemonic gender roles found among many young people in Maputo of male dominance through sexual conquest and female acquiescence. Instead, the practice allows young people to be both adventurous and responsible. The discourse demonstrates how sexual identities have been redefined to combine risk reduction with sexual experimentation and the satiation of desire.
Meeting challenges
- Author:
- DOBSON Roger
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 18.7.96, 1996, p.11.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Describes a residential project in London to assist young asylum seekers arriving in the UK.
Protecting children in different contexts: exploring the value of rights and research
- Author:
- CREWE Emma
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Children's Services, 5(1), March 2010, pp.43-55.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This article, relying on anthropological principles, explores how the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child fits in with the diversity of ideas about childhood around the world. Child-focused civil society organisations (CSOs) working in Africa, Asia and South America have shifted from organising their work around children's needs to promoting their rights. This rights-based framework is informed by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The author explores the value of global rights, and highlights ethnographic studies investigating the lives of young people and their transition into adulthood, pointing to a diversity of ideas about childhood in different parts of the world. The author also raises the question about whether the idea of universal child rights can accommodate such varied worldviews. CSOs have often failed to take account of this diversity in the way they use rights frameworks. Research by anthropologists about children in three situations - at work, on the move and facing violence - is used here to summarise the problems caused if rights based frameworks are used without sufficient understanding of context and complexity.
A comparative analysis of the use of maternal health services between teenagers and older mothers in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)
- Authors:
- MAGADI Monica Akinyi, AGWANDA Alfred O., OBARE Francis O.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 64(6), March 2007, pp.1311-1325.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This paper uses Demographic and Health Surveys data from 21 countries in sub-Saharan Africa to examine the use of maternal health services by teenagers. A comparison of maternal health care between teenagers and older women, based on bivariate analysis shows little variation in maternal health care by age. However, after controlling for the effect of background factors such as parity, premarital births, educational attainment and urban/rural residence in a multivariate analysis, there is evidence that teenagers have poorer maternal health care than older women with similar background characteristics. The results from multilevel logistic models applied to pooled data across countries show that teenagers are generally more likely to receive inadequate antenatal care and have non-professional deliveries. An examination of country-level variations shows significant differences in the levels of maternal health care across countries. However, there is no evidence of significant variations across countries in the observed patterns of maternal health care by maternal age. This suggests that the observed patterns by maternal age are generalizable across the sub-Saharan Africa region.