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A stabilization group approach for heterogeneous populations of trauma clients
- Author:
- STIGE Signe Hjelen
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 20(5-8), 2011, pp.886-903.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The high prevalence of potentially traumatising experiences in the general population, as well as the increased risk of developing long-lasting and far reaching problems, calls for effective treatment approaches to reach clients in need of trauma-specific treatment. This article describes a group-based treatment approach adjusted to include clients with a wide range of trauma-related problems and traumatic experiences. This general approach might be especially useful in settings with low population size and density, and as a way of providing trauma-specific treatment quickly after referral. The primary goal of the approach is to reduce fear of, encourage exploration of, and enhance understanding and handling of trauma-related symptoms. A brief outline of the approach is presented, notably in terms of the overall structure, the inclusion criteria, the assessment process, and the structure of group sessions. The topics introduced by the therapists in each of the 17 weekly sessions are then described in more detail. Finally, illustrations of how theoretical concepts important in stabilisation work are incorporated into the approach are presented.
A theoretical understanding of refugee trauma
- Author:
- GEORGE Miriam
- Journal article citation:
- Clinical Social Work Journal, 38(4), December 2010, pp.379-387.
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Place of publication:
- New York
In order to broaden the scope of theoretical knowledge on refugee trauma this article aims to build on refugee, Post-Colonial, Trauma and Feminist theories, and emphasise refugee trauma as a consequence of multiple historical, social and political constraints which are embedded in the personal experiences of refugees. By incorporating these various theories, the author proposes an integrated model to aid service providers in identifying the various trauma factors associated with refugees, as well as to facilitate the development of efficient service delivery mechanisms for this population.
Can trauma cause 'psychosis'?
- Author:
- JOHNSTONE Lucy
- Journal article citation:
- Openmind, 150, March 2008, pp.6-9.
- Publisher:
- MIND
There is growing research evidence that some of the experiences service users report such as unusual beliefs and distressing voices are, in many cases, a natural reaction to the abuses they have been subjected to. The author briefly summarises some key findings and then considers why the results are controversial. The author highlights the conflict with biomedical assumptions, the likely responses to the research, and possible traps in the research that may mean the truth about abuse and psychosis could be again ignored.
The humanising of trauma: social context and witnessing
- Author:
- WEEGMANN Martin
- Journal article citation:
- Therapeutic Communities: the International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, 27(2), Summer 2006, pp.163-175.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The impact of shell-shock on psychiatry led to the downfall of a more neurological, constitutionalist model. The impact of sexual and other misuse of children on psychology led to the down fall of a more cynical, patient-blaming tradition. This article considers the contribution of W.H.R. Rivers and Sandor Ferenczi in challenging the dogma of their times and forging new concepts of psychic disruption and trauma. The author describes their ideas in terms of a humanising of trauma. The author asks whether the word 'trauma' has subsequently become over-used and divorced from the horrific contexts about which clinicians like Rivers and Ferenczi were responding? Or whether emphasis on the traumatic enable a desirable, more sensitive approach to self-care.
When we leave hospital: a patients' perspective of burn injury
- Author:
- ACTON Amy
- Journal article citation:
- British Medical Journal, 28.8.04, 2004, pp.504-506.
- Publisher:
- British Medical Association
Presents a personal account of the problems one burns victim faced when leaving hospital. The article covers attitudes about appearance and strategies to help burns victims respond in a positive way to questions and staring. The author now works as a burns nurse.
Discriminant validation of the modified secondary trauma questionnaire
- Authors:
- MOTTA Robert M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Psychotherapy in Independent Practice, 2(4), 2001, pp.17-24.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Reports on the development of a scale for assessing secondary trauma. Secondary trauma refers to the acquisition of negative emotional states due to ongoing and close exposure to a person who has been traumatized. A sample of American college-students were administered the Modified Secondary Trauma Questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Modified PTSD Symptom Scale-Revised, and in order to establish the discriminant validity, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Results found the Modified Secondary Trauma Questionnaire presented an easily administered measure for assessing the influence of secondary traumatic experiences.
Working definition of trauma-informed practice
- Author:
- OFFICE FOR HEALTH IMPROVEMENT AND DISPARITIES
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department of Health and Social Care
- Publication year:
- 2022
- Place of publication:
- London
Guidance providing a working definition of trauma-informed practice for practitioners working in the health and care sector. Trauma-informed approaches have become increasingly cited in policy and adopted in practice as a means for reducing the negative impact of trauma experiences and supporting mental and physical health outcomes. They build on evidence developed over several decades. However, there has been a lack of consensus within the health and social care sector on how trauma-informed practice is defined, what its key principles are and how it can be built into services and systems. This document seeks to address this gap by providing a working definition of trauma-informed practice for practitioners working in the health and care sector. The working definition presented in this document reflects the original internationally recognised definition developed by the United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The evidence base exploring the use of trauma-informed practice in different settings and sectors is still being developed. This working definition will be kept under review and updated where appropriate to reflect new evidence. (Edited publisher abstract)
Vicariously resilient or traumatised social workers: exploring some risk and protective factors
- Authors:
- MENDEZ-FERNANDEZ Ana B, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Social Work, 52(2), 2022, pp.1089-1109.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Due to the indirect exposure to traumatic realities, social workers may experience emotional responses of vicarious traumatisation or vicarious resilience. Previous research indicated that risk factors (workload and trauma caseload) provoke vicarious traumatisation and that protection factors (recovery experiences and organisational support) can buffer this relationship. However, the empirical testing of these associations was scarce amongst social workers. This cross-sectional study aims to answer two main research questions: (i) can workload and trauma caseload predict vicarious resilience and vicarious trauma? (ii) Can recovery experiences and organisational support mediate the influence of risk factors on emotional responses? A sample of 373 Spanish social workers (87 per cent females) completed a questionnaire online. The structural equation modelling analyses showed that workload and trauma caseload make recovery experiences and organisational support less likely, facilitating the emergence of vicarious trauma. Recovery experiences and organisational support protect people from vicarious trauma and promote vicarious resilience, both directly and by limiting the influence of workload and trauma caseload. These results highlight the need for interventions enhancing recovery experiences and organisational support as a means to promote vicarious resilience and to decrease vicarious trauma. The need to reduce other risk factors, enhancing protective factors, is also noted. (Edited publisher abstract)
Addressing the trauma of human trafficking victims in the UK
- Author:
- GAITIS Konstantinos Kosmas
- Publisher:
- IRISS
- Publication year:
- 2022
- Pagination:
- 18
- Place of publication:
- Glasgow
Focusing on adult victims (over-18s), this Insight discusses the trauma caused by human trafficking victimisation and the principles for effective support for survivors. It also explores the National Referral Mechanism (NRM) which is a UK support framework, in the context of Scottish practice in non-governmental organisations (NGOs) that hold the governmental care contract for trafficking victims (Trafficking Awareness Raising Alliance (TARA) and Migrant Help). It discusses findings from six interviews conducted with a manager of a Scottish NGO advocating for trafficking victims; a legal director of a UK NGO; two support workers from another two UK NGOs advocating for trafficking victims in England; a female British survivor trafficked for sexual exploitation in England for whom the alias ‘Eve’ is used; and a qualitative questionnaire with a Scottish Government official. Key points include: human trafficking victimisation may cause a variety of health implications for adult survivors, which leads to trauma; adopting the principles of trauma-informed care (TIC) combined with a person-centred approach can provide effective support for adult trafficking survivors; a person-centred, trauma-informed approach can benefit organisations, as well as service users; the National Referral Mechanism (NRM) is a framework used across the UK to refer and support potential trafficking victims – evidence suggests that the support offered through the NRM tends to be short in duration and not tailored to each victim’s needs; Scottish practice aligns the NRM framework more closely to the principles of TIC and a person-centred approach – care contract-holding organisations should continue to extend the NRM support offered; practitioners require more trafficking awareness and training. (Edited publisher abstract)
A survey of complex trauma in families who have children and adults who have a learning disability and/or autism
- Authors:
- BAKER Peter, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 15(5), 2021, pp.222-239.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: There is an established literature supporting the idea that families who have children and adults who have a learning disability and/or autism have a greater vulnerability to mental health problems or poor psychological health. There are shortcomings in this literature in that there is a little consideration of the impact the families interaction with services has on their well-being. It is argued that complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), with its focus on prolonged chronic exposure to trauma experiences and the recognition that this can occur in adulthood, may well be an appropriate framework to enable a better understanding of the experiences of families. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 214 family members completed a co-produced online survey in relation to potential traumatic events, impacts and support. Findings: The experiences of family carers of children and adults with a learning disability and/or who are autistic would appear to be multi-layered and complex, with many experiencing a wide range of traumatic events with the associated emotional and personal sequela. The reported responses are consistent with CPTSD with 10% of having received a diagnosis of PTSD. Their experience was that the system failed not only to provide support but also created additional trauma. Practical implications: A trauma-informed approach needs to be adopted by agencies and professionals that serve families to ensure they understand their potential contribution to the trauma families experience. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that has attempted to examine the experience of families using the framework of CPTSD. (Edited publisher abstract)