Search results for ‘Subject term:"traumas"’ Sort:
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Childhood trauma and psychotic disorders: a systematic, critical review of the evidence
- Authors:
- BENDALL Sarah, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(3), 2008, pp.568-579.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
A total of 46 studies of the association between childhood trauma (defined as physical, sexual or psychological abuse, or neglect) and future psychotic disorder were identified for review, although only six had the potential to identify a causal link. Three found such an association, one did not, and two found potentially real associations that failed to reach statistical significance. Despite the restriction of the review to appropriately controlled studies, most contained significant methodological faults, limiting the conclusions that can be drawn, namely: lack of statistical power; lack of attention to moderating or mediating variables; the widespread use of retrospective self-reports to measure childhood trauma; and the use of cross-sectional research designs.
The treatment of psychological trauma from the perspective of attachment research
- Author:
- DE ZULUETA Felicity
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Therapy, 28(4), November 2006, pp.334-351.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper looks at the implications of attachment research for the treatment of psychological trauma. This is particularly important in the field of family therapy given that PTSD both impacts on the immediate family system and can be transmitted down the generations. After an initial review of current research in the field, the paper focuses on the assessment and treatment of PTSD, emphasizing the importance of integrating techniques from different models that enable clients to modulate their emotions as part of the therapeutic process. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of support and supervision for the therapists in order to avoid secondary traumatization.
Debriefing reconsidered
- Author:
- GALLIANO Stephen
- Journal article citation:
- Counselling and Psychotherapy Journal, 13(2), March 2002, pp.20-21.
- Publisher:
- British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy
In the last few years the field of trauma debriefing has come under close scrutiny from academics in the UK and elsewhere. A number of research studies have indicated that there is little or no evidence for the effectiveness of the technique and have further suggested a possible negative clinical effect of the debriefing process. This has led some researchers to issue warnings about the safety of trauma debriefing and to call for a restraint in the practice of interventions for which there is no evidence of effectiveness. The author explains why he feels this call to be appropriate on account of the poor methodologies employed by the research studies.
Measurement of traumatic experiences of children within survey and intervention research: a systematic review of the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen
- Authors:
- DOWDY-HAZLETT Taylor, KILLIAN Michael, WOODS Makenna
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 131, 2021, p.106259.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Current trauma measures for youth are lacking psychometric properties, ability for use with refugees, measurement of both exposure and symptomology of trauma, and are outdated with current DSM-V criterion. The Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS) is a measure that has been developed to fill this gap in both research and clinical practice. This systematic review examines the CATS psychometric properties across 41 empirical studies. The current literature shows support for the use of the measure in research and practice. The CATS has been utilized in various populations, internationally, and has shown moderate to strong validity and reliability in measuring trauma exposure and symptomology. More research should be conducted on the psychometric properties specifically in varying populations and ages, as well as, on the preschool-report form. Additionally, more research should be conducted exploring the efficacy of the translated versions of CATS with different populations. (Edited publisher abstract)
Trauma-informed care outcome study
- Authors:
- HALES Travis W., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 29(5), 2019, pp.529-539.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a widely adopted organizational approach to health and human services. The current study occurred within a residential addiction treatment agency and has two aims: To operationalize the processes, an agency can take to become trauma informed and assesses the impact of a multiyear TIC implementation project on organizational climate, procedures, staff and resident satisfaction, and client retention in treatment. Pearson χ2 tests were computed to assess variation in client satisfaction and discharge status, while climate, procedures, and staff satisfaction were assessed by effect size differences. Following TIC implementation, there were positive changes in each of the five outcomes assessed. Workplace satisfaction, climate, and procedures improved by moderate to large effect sizes, while client satisfaction and the number of planned discharges improved significantly. The current study provides support for implementing TIC. Future research may continue to examine the influence of TIC implementation. (Edited publisher abstract)
Intergenerational families of Holocaust survivors: designing and piloting a family resilience template
- Authors:
- ISSERMAN Nancy, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 11(3), 2014, pp.256-268.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Researchers from the Templeton study, “Forgiveness, Resiliency, and Survivorship Among Holocaust Survivors,” and the Transcending Trauma Project, combined efforts to examine six transcripts of interviews with survivors of the Nazi Holocaust. The researchers focused on the nature of parent–child family dynamics before, during, and after the Holocaust. They refined a Family Resilience Template (FRT) originally based on an ecological-systems design, adding an attachment theory component and a quantitative methodology. The goal of the research project was to pilot the FRT by further defining terms and adding a Quality of Family Dynamics Paradigm to encompass an intergenerational dimension. The researchers arrived at a consensus of item definitions, establishing the initial face validity of the FRT. (Publisher abstract)
Systemic family therapy for families who have experienced trauma: a randomised controlled trial
- Author:
- COULTON Stephen
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Social Work, 41(3), April 2011, pp.502-519.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This paper describes a randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigation of the added value of systemic family therapy (SFT) in addition to individually focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for traumatised families. The study is discussed in the context of evidence-based practice (EBP) and the use of RCTs in social care interventions. Families referred to a community-based trauma centre were randomised to 2 treatment arms. Following a large attrition rate, only 14 families received therapy from the CBT arm, and 13 received therapy from the CBT + SFT arm. The results were statistically weak, and showed no significant difference between the treatment groups. The study illustrates how an apparently robust design can be confounded by high attrition rates, low average number of therapeutic sessions and poor protocol adherence. The paper highlights a number of general and specific lessons regarding the resources and processes involved that can act as a model for those planning to undertake studies of this type and scope. A key message is that the challenges of conducting RCTs in real world settings should not be underestimated. The wider implications regarding the place of RCTs within the creation of the evidence base for complex psycho-social interventions is discussed and the current movement towards a phased mixed-methods approach is affirmed.
The trauma outcome process assessment model: a structural equation model examination of adjustment
- Authors:
- BORJA Susan E., CALLAHAN Jennifer L.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 18(5), September 2009, pp.532-552.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This paper describes an investigation aimed at operationalising a comprehensive theoretical model, the Trauma Outcome Process Assessment, and tests it empirically with structural equation modelling. The Trauma Outcome Process Assessment reflects a large body of research and incorporates known ecological factors (family dynamics, social support) to explain internalising distress (anxiety, depression), externalising distress (aggression), and recovery outcomes following traumatic events. Findings indicated that expected relationships among the variables were significantly related in the expected direction, and the measures mapped well onto the expected latent constructs. Following optimal specification of the relationships within the Trauma Outcome Process Assessment, structural equation modelling showed strong support for the Trauma Outcome Process Assessment as a comprehensive identification and treatment model to explain the differential outcomes of those exposed to traumatic stressors.
Some questions concerning states of fragmentation: unintegration, under-integration, disintegration, and the nature of early integrations
- Author:
- ALVAREZ Anne
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 32(2), August 2006, pp.158-180.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
The paper attempts some clarifications and differentiations concerning (1) Bick's classic distinction between states of helpless unintegration and states of defensive disintegration; (2) the difference between a state and a phase, and Bick's apparent challenge to some aspects of object relations thinking. The paper then lists some types of early pre-depressive and pre-Oedipal integrations and integrators: these include, as well as various kinds of containment, the role of the interested, interesting, and occasionally reclaiming object.
Unintegration, disintegration and deintegration
- Author:
- URBAN Elizabeth
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 32(2), August 2006, pp.181-192.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
The article reviews the notion of a ‘good’ kind of unintegration. This is a somewhat misleading reference to what is termed ‘deintegration’. However this model is useful and relevant in two particular areas; firstly, it is a psychodynamic model that encompasses the functional unity of the infant and, secondly, the model has adapted readily to the wealth of developmental research that arose at the end of the last century.