Search results for ‘Subject term:"traumas"’ Sort:
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A legacy of trauma
- Authors:
- PHILLIPS Josie, HACKETT Simon
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work Matters (e-Magazine), November 2013, pp.14-15. Online only
- Publisher:
- The College of Social Work
Recent research examined the characteristics of one of the largest sample of young people showing harmful sexual behaviour in the UK. In partnership with nine organisations offering community and residential services, the agency records relating to 700 children and young people referred between 1992 and 2000 for interventions to address harmful sexual behaviours. One of the findings was the significant number who had experienced sexual abuse. The authors highlight the importance of recognising the complex needs of a large number of children and young people presenting with 'dual sexual abuse experiences'. (Original abstract)
Problematic alcohol use, trauma history, and PTSD symptom level: a path analysis
- Authors:
- DVORAK Robert D., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 9(4), 2013, pp.281-291.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Objective: This study examined associations between multidimensional experiential avoidance, alcohol use motives, alcohol use, and alcohol-related consequences among individuals with a history of trauma and varying levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Methods: A total of 459 college students completed measures online, and the analysis sample was limited to the 313 participants who reported a past Criterion A traumatic event. These participants were separated into two groups based on DSM-IV TR diagnostic criteria: those with a high level of PTSD symptomatology (n = 34) and those with a low level of PTSD symptomatology (n = 279). A multi-group path model examined associations between experiential avoidance, drinking motives, alcohol use, and alcohol problems across these two groups. Results: The majority of participants were female (n = 192, 61.3%) and Caucasian (n = 281, 89.8%) and had a mean age of 19.37 (SD = 2.04). Two unique pathways to alcohol-related problems were observed. Among those with a high level of PTSD symptomatology, distress endurance (ability to behave effectively when under distress) was inversely associated with alcohol-related consequences via alcohol motives and use. For those with a low level of PTSD symptomatology, distress aversion (negative attitudes about, or lack of acceptance of, distress) was positively associated with alcohol-related consequences via alcohol motives and use. Conclusions: Results suggest unique pathways to alcohol consequences as a function of trauma symptom severity and may explain some of the comorbidity between PTSD and alcohol use disorders. Multidimensional indices of experiential avoidance may shed light on risk and resilience factors in PTSD. (Publisher abstract)
Using the MMPI-A in identifying trauma symptoms among juvenile offenders
- Authors:
- MURRAY Heather Dukes, GLASER Brian, CALHOUN Georgia
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology (The), 24(3), 2013, pp.337-352.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
A significant number of youths involved in the juvenile justice system have experienced childhood maltreatment and/or grief and loss. The mental health consequences of such events may have contributed to the development of the mental health and behavioral problems that resulted in juvenile court involvement. As such, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A), the most commonly used assessment measure among forensic psychologists working with this population, should be evaluated for its utility in identifying youths whose mental health and behavioral problems may be related to such traumatic events. This study aimed to determine if adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system that experienced childhood maltreatment and/or grief and loss have demonstrated consistent differences in item-level responses on the MMPI-A compared to those who did not endorse experiencing such traumatic events. Additionally, the study sought to evaluate whether identified items could be used in a scale that alerts the clinician to the likelihood of a history of trauma exposure, specifically childhood maltreatment and/or grief and loss. Results suggest that juvenile offenders with a history of trauma exposure do respond differently on particular MMPI-A items compared to those without such a history. The results also suggest that it may be possible to develop a scale that aids in differentiating between the juvenile offenders who endorse a history of childhood maltreatment and/or grief and loss and those who deny such experiences. The potential scale developed in this study can be utilized in settings where the MMPI-A is administered with juvenile offenders to alert clinicians to the possibility of a history of trauma, specifically childhood maltreatment and/or grief and loss. (Publisher abstract)
Social workers on the edge
- Author:
- GOOSEN Lori
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work Matters (e-Magazine), January 2013, pp.18-21. Online only
- Publisher:
- The College of Social Work
The author discusses effects of compassion fatigue, or secondary trauma on social workers. The personal, professional, organisational impacts are listed, as are the impacts on service users and the services they receive. One child protection worker's story is used to illustrate how high caseloads and lack of supervision can have an impact on the stress experienced by social workers.
A short form of the trauma symptom checklist for young children
- Authors:
- WHERRY Jeffrey N., CORSON Kimberly Corson, HUNSAKER Stephen
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 22(7), 2013, pp.796-821.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC) was developed to allows a carer/caretaker to rate trauma-related symptoms in young children who have been impacted by family abuse and violence. However the checklist can be time consuming to administer. The current study examines whether a short form of the TSCYC would retain its reliability and validity, and encourage its widespread use for the rating of child sexual abuse symptoms. A short form of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children was derived from the original 90 items. An exploratory factor analysis of each factor identified the four items from each of the original factors with the highest eigenvalues. These items were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. The best fit was obtained for an 8-factor, 32-item model. The short form evidenced good convergent validity with parent ratings obtained from the Child Behavior Checklist, the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory, and the University of California at Los Angeles Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (UCLA PTSD RI). Norms (t-scores and percentiles based on raw scores) were calculated by age and by gender. The short form has promise as a screening measure with parents in settings like a child advocacy center. (Edited publisher abstract)
Indirect trauma: implications for self-care, supervision, the organization, and the academic institution
- Author:
- KNIGHT Carolyn
- Journal article citation:
- Clinical Supervisor (The), 32(2), 2013, pp.224-243.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
In this article, the nature of what is referred to in this article as indirect trauma, or the ways in which clinicians are affected by their work with survivors of childhood trauma, is examined. Based upon current research and theory, three manifestations of indirect trauma are identified and discussed: secondary traumatic stress, vicarious traumatisation, and compassion fatigue. Factors that may mitigate or increase the risk of experiencing indirect trauma are then presented. The implications that indirect trauma has for self-care strategies, as well as for clinical and trainee supervision, the organisation, and the academic institution are presented in light of relevant research. Case examples are employed throughout to illustrate key concepts. (Publisher abstract)
A study of shame from sexual abuse within the context of a Norwegian incest center
- Author:
- PETTERSEN Kaare Torgny
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 22(6), 2013, pp.677-694.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Working with those who have experienced sexual abuse is a complicated matter because such abuse not only involves the violation of the victim's body, but it often generates shame in those involved. This article is based on empirical data from 26 hours of videotaped focus group interviews with 19 adult men and women in a Norwegian incest centre who spoke openly of the shame they experienced from sexual abuse as children, parents, and employees. Findings from this study show that shame from sexual abuse can be grouped into seven major categories: (a) family, (b) emotions, (c) body, (d) food, (e) self-image, (f) sex, and (g) therapy. (Publisher abstract)
Sibling relationships and internalizing symptoms of youth in foster care
- Authors:
- WOJCIAK Armeda Stevenson, MCWEY Lenore M., HELFRICH Christine M.
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 35(7), 2013, pp.1071-1077.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Using a nationally representative sample of 152 adolescents in foster care in the United States, this study reports on sibling relationships among youth in foster care, and investigates the potential protective nature of sibling relationships of those who have experienced trauma on the expression of internalizing symptoms. Results indicated that the majority of the sample was currently separated from their sibling. Of those who were not living with their sibling, nearly three quarters saw their sibling monthly or less frequently with one third of the sample reporting never having any contact with their sibling. Bootstrapping methods were also used to determine if sibling relationships mediated the effect of trauma on internalizing symptoms. Results indicated that a positive sibling relationship significantly mediated this relationship. Implications of these findings are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
That's just life: older adult constructs of trauma
- Authors:
- HISKEY Syd, McPHERSON Susan
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 17(6), 2013, pp.689-696.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Researcher, clinical professional and lay understandings of the meaning of trauma may differ. An awareness of older people's perspectives on trauma may be important, given the potential for historical and cultural features to shape how the term is conceptualised among this group, thereby influencing related help-seeking behaviour. Older people living in Essex, Cambridgeshire and Suffolk were interviewed about their perceptions of the term, as was a group of mental health professionals who work with the elderly. Forty-two older adults (aged 67–91) took part in six focus groups (ranging from four to nine members). Twenty-eight were females, 14 were males, all were white British. Many older people regarded significant adversity as just part of life, with collectively understood methods of avoidance or limited support-seeking pointing to emotional management through non-disclosure. This position seemed further informed by views that disclosure may be self-indulgent, which is in stark contrast to the historical and cultural background in which many older people were raised. The professionals also suggested that some older people may be unused to expressing their emotions. The concept of trauma seems to be relative, with stigma and shame appearing to influence the way that responses to adversity are managed by this age group. It is concluded that focused history taking by clinicians may be needed to help elicit symptoms of trauma among elderly patients, while at the same time services might engage in a compassionate dialogue to encourage those suffering in silence to seek help. (Edited publisher abstract)
Trauma in a family violence course
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 33(3), 2013, pp.239-250.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Social work students are witness to a variety of challenges from course content through scenarios, videos, role-plays, and field practice. Students may be vulnerable to experiencing vicarious traumatisation from this exposure. Some students, however, may have personal histories of trauma and may therefore experience posttraumatic stress reactions due to triggering of past trauma through course content. This case study examines feedback from three graduate students from a family violence class who self-identified that they had personal histories of trauma from family violence. Their feedback can be beneficial to instructors in managing students' reactions that might be triggered from course content. (Publisher abstract)