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Children's experiences of disability: pointers to a social model of childhood disability
- Authors:
- CONNORS Clare, STALKER Kirsten
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 22(1), January 2007, pp.19-33.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The social model of disability has paid little attention to disabled children, with few attempts to explore how far it provides an adequate explanatory framework for their experiences. This paper reports findings from a two-year study exploring the lived experiences of 26 disabled children aged 7-15. They experienced disability in four ways - in terms of impairment, difference, other people's behaviour towards them, and material barriers. Most young people presented themselves as similar to non-disabled children: it is suggested they may have lacked a positive language with which to discuss difference. It is further argued that Thomas's (1999) social relational model of disability can help inform understandings of children's experiences, with 'barriers to being' having particular significance.
Person centred support: a guide for service users: useful information for service users who got involved in The standards we expect project about person centred support
- Authors:
- BERESFORD Peter, et al
- Publisher:
- De Montfort University. Centre for Social Action
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 41p.
- Place of publication:
- Leicester
The Standards We Expect Project is a two year research and development project supported by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, which aims to encourage and guide the development of person centred support across the United Kingdom. This information pack, developed for service users, summarises useful information and good ideas gathered in workshops and training events held with service users. The pack covers: person centred support; the social model of disability; helping each other; rights; services; support money; and housing.
Resilience in families with children and adult members with intellectual disabilities: tracing elements of a psycho-social model
- Authors:
- GRANT Gordon, RAMCHARAN Paul, FLYNN Margaret
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(6), November 2007, pp.563-575.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper seeks to illumine how families with children and adult members with intellectual disabilities manage to manifest a buoyant and durable capacity over time. It is therefore concerned centrally with the idea of resilience. Drawing from diverse theoretical literatures from child development and protection and gerontology, the paper begins with a review of constructions of resilience. In an attempt to assess where there seems to be support for resilience in families, the core of the paper tests empirical evidence about positive experiences of families supporting children and adults with intellectual disabilities against the theoretical literature on resilience. The findings are used to suggest conditions under which resilience is produced and maintained, and to identify emergent elements of a psycho-social model of resilience in families with children and adult members with intellectual disabilities.
Lisbon and social Europe: towards a European 'adult worker model' welfare system
- Author:
- ANNESLEY Claire
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of European Social Policy, 17(3), August 2007, pp.195-205.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The Lisbon Process, launched in 2000 and relaunched in 2005, revived the debate about the existence of a European social model. This article argues that the Lisbon agenda presents a coherent vision of a social model which can be characterized as a Europe-wide Adult Worker Model (AWM). This is a system which assumes paid employment for all adults in order to secure their economic independence. The article identifies evidence of a development in this direction in the European Employment Strategy guidelines from 1997 through to the 2005 integrated macro-economic and employment guidelines. It concludes that this reorientation of the European social model is a vision of a supported AWM welfare system more akin to Sweden than the United States. However, the soft governance method used for social policy makes it vulnerable to changing political constellations in member states.
Models of disability, work and welfare in Australia
- Author:
- HUMPAGE Louise
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Administration, 41(3), June 2007, pp.215-231.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
In discourse around disability there has been a shift away from a ‘medical model’, which perceives disability as an individual problem to be ‘cured’ or contained, towards a ‘social model’. The latter focuses on the relationship between people with disabilities and their social environment, locating the required interventions within the realm of social policy and institutional practice. Drawing upon a small qualitative study conducted in Melbourne, this article argues that recent plans by the Australian government to introduce mutual obligation requirements for recipients of the Disability Support Pension (DSP) sit in tension with this shift from the medical to the social models of disability. Mutual obligation is based on the assumption that income support recipients need to be taught how to be more ‘self-reliant’, to ‘participate’ in society more fully and to become ‘active’, rather than ‘passive’, citizens. This language appears to overlap with that used to articulate a social model, which places emphasis on participation in the community and attempts a shift away from reliance on the medical profession. However, examples from interviews conducted with current and former DSP recipients demonstrate that, in practice, mutual obligation is likely to reinforce a medical model of disability, frame DSP recipients as ‘conditional’ citizens and ignore the obligations of the state and society regarding access and inclusiveness for people with disabilities.
Extinguishing the social?: state sponsored self-care policy and the Chronic Disease Self-management Programme
- Authors:
- KENDALL Elizabeth, ROGERS Anne
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 22(2), March 2007, pp.129-143.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The Chronic Disease Self-management Programme (CDSMP) is a psycho-educational programme designed to increase the capacity of people with chronic conditions to self-manage. This initiative forms an integral part of the 'Expert Patient Programme' in the UK and the 'Sharing Health Care' programme in Australia. The aim of this paper is to critically appraise the principles of the CDSMP as a national self-care policy initiative in the context of existing formations and ideological approaches to self-care. Although the CDSMP appears to promote a 'social model' of disability, particularly in its generic manifestation, the use of the notion of self-efficacy as a primary marker of change means that it ultimately falls back onto an individualistic approach. The latter ignores pre-existing traditions of self-help embedded within advanced welfare societies.. The authors argue that state sponsored polices about self-management would benefit from greater recognition of existing social knowledge and theories about how people respond to being diagnosed with a long-term condition.
Disability equality within healthcare: the role of healthcare professionals
- Author:
- BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
- Publisher:
- British Medical Association
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 48p.
- Place of publication:
- London
It is estimated that around 11 million adults in the UK are disabled. There is evidence that inequalities in health outcomes and access to healthcare among disabled people continue to exist. Doctors recognise that they have an important role to play in addressing disability equality. Section one introduces the social model of disability which highlights that it is barriers within society which ‘disable’ people with impairments and not the impairments themselves. Applying this model to healthcare means that adopting a more holistic approach to disability which looks beyond standards and targets, and works in partnership with disabled people, is likely to be more effective in addressing health inequalities experienced by disabled people. Section two highlights the requirements of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and 2005 which make it illegal to discriminate against disabled people in the provision of healthcare. All service providers, including those in general practice, have a duty to promote disability equality and are required make reasonable adjustments to the way they deliver healthcare and to the physical features of their premises to meet the needs of disabled people. NHS organisations, excluding GP practices, also have a duty to produce a disability equality scheme to demonstrate and report on how they will tackle disability equality and how they will consult with disabled people within service design.
Triangulation and theoretical understanding
- Authors:
- MA Agnes, NORWICH Brahm
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 10(3), July 2007, pp.211-226.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The more recent interpretation of triangulation in social and educational research was summarised and examined with reference to theory triangulation applied in an empirical study. The construction of special educational needs (SEN) from the individual experiences of a sample of SEN co-ordinators and SEN teachers, parents, and adolescents with emotional and behavioural difficulties or physical disabilities were interpreted from the perspectives of personal construct theory, bio-psycho-social model, socio-psychological analysis, bioecological model of human development and a developmental model of self-understanding. Their points of convergence and divergence enriched and extended theoretical understanding. The focus on the 'verstehen' psychological level of analysis and on forging closer theory, concept and data connections influenced the range of theory choice. This instance of theory triangulation casts doubts on the Duhem-Quine thesis of underdetermination.