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Changes in the provision of residential care for adults with an intellectual disability: a national longitudinal study
- Authors:
- KELLY Fionnola, McCONKEY Roy
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 17(1), 2012, pp.4-10.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The Republic of Ireland has a National Intellectual Disability Database (NIDD) of persons with an intellectual disability, which is updated annually. It records people living in various forms of residential provision as well as those living with family carers. This study used NIDD data to explore changes in provision of residential care from 1999 to 2009 for nearly 8,000 adults with intellectual disability in Ireland living in congregated or community-based accommodation. The analysis found that the largest area of growth over the ten-year period was in the provision of community group homes, with just under 50% of people living in community settings by 2009. There was a reduction in the number of places in congregated options, but more people were living in new forms of congregated provision designated specialist units. The article points out that a move from congregated living arrangements to more homely, community-based accommodation is a policy objective in many developed countries, and asserts that outmoded models of residential provision are likely to persist unless there is sustained investment in new forms of provision.
Relocating people with intellectual disability to new accommodation and support settings: contrasts between personalized arrangements and group home placements
- Authors:
- McCONKEY Roy, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 20(2), 2016, pp.109-120.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Internationally the relocation of people with intellectual disability from institutions has brought significant gains to their quality of life. This study contrasted three groups of persons in Ireland who moved either to personalised arrangements (n = 29) or to community group homes (n = 31) with those who remained in congregated settings awaiting relocation (n = 29). Persons moving to rented accommodation with personalized support tended to be younger and had fewer support needs than those in group homes. They had greater control and choice in their lives, more community engagement and increased personal relationships compared to residents in group homes but those remaining in congregated settings fared worse of all. However, average staff costs were significantly higher in the latter settings. The implications for the future provision of group living arrangements are discussed along with the need for further longitudinal research to assess the sustained impact of personalized arrangements and their funding. (Edited publisher abstract)
'They're just like us!'
- Author:
- McCONKEY Roy
- Journal article citation:
- Community Living, 8(3), January 1995, pp.14-15.
- Publisher:
- Hexagon Publishing
May residents react with hostility to the establishment of homes for people with learning disabilities in their neighbourhood. But after meeting them they often say 'they're just like us'. Offers some tips for preparing the ground.
Irish persons with intellectual disability moving from family care to residential accommodation in a period of austerity
- Authors:
- McCONKEY Roy, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(5), 2018, pp.833-839.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Ireland has a growing population of adult persons living with family carers, thereby increasing the demand for residential places. Simultaneously, government policy aimed to reprovision residents living in congregated settings but at a time when funding was curtailed due to the economic crisis. This study examines the movements of people into and among three types of residential options between 2009 and 2014. Method: A cohort of 20,163 persons recorded on the National Intellectual Disability Database in 2009 was identified and tracked to the 2014 database. Results: An estimated 200 persons per annum (@1.6% of those living with families) moved from family care although the number of places available nationally fell by 9%. Moreover, transfers of existing residents into vacated places tended to exceed those from families. Conclusions: More people will have to continue living with their families and for longer if funding for new places remains curtailed. (Edited publisher abstract)
A national comparative study over one decade of children with intellectual disabilities living away from their natural parents
- Authors:
- McCONKEY Roy, KELLY Fionnola, GRAIG Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Social Work, 44(3), 2014, pp.714-728.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Children with intellectual disabilities are more likely than non-disabled children to live away from their families. Internationally, the aspiration is for them to live at home or in alternative family placements. This study uses national data on over 700 children from the Republic of Ireland to monitor their living arrangements over a ten-year period. In that time, the numbers of children in care had fallen significantly and especially for those in residential settings aged ten years and over. Nonetheless, proportionately more children with intellectual disability of all ages moved away from their families, especially those aged ten to nineteen years. However, compared to non-disabled children, fewer were placed in foster-care, although the extent of this varied across the local health areas. Over the ten-year period, only small proportions of children returned to their families or moved from residential to foster-care. These findings are combined with those from international studies to identify changes in service provision and social work. A particular challenge is the promotion of cross-sector working between mainstream child and family services with specialist disability services. (Publisher abstract)
Frontline care in Irish intellectual disability services: the contribution of nurses and non-nurse care staff
- Authors:
- SHEERIN Fintan K., McCONKEY Roy
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 12(2), June 2008, pp.127-141.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
The ongoing development of generic intellectual disability services in Ireland, driven by a policy of inclusion and normalization, has posed significant challenges to the interdisciplinary team, with the creation of new frontline carer roles not linked to any particular profession. It is within this context that attention has been focused on the appropriateness of nursing to frontline caring in intellectual disability service provision. The separation of caring and nursing posts that is now evident within many residential services suggests that decisions have already been made regarding the appropriateness of nursing within particular settings. These decisions have, however, been made in the absence of any real attempt to delineate the contribution of nursing to frontline caring in Ireland. This study is the first of its type in Ireland and seeks to set out the unique interventional contribution of nursing and non-nurse caring within frontline intellectual disability services.
Residential provision for adult persons with intellectual disabilities in Ireland
- Authors:
- MULVANY Fiona, BARRON Steve, McCONKEY Roy
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(2), March 2007, pp.70-76.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The type of accommodation provided for persons with an intellectual disability is a major indicator of the social policy for this client group. This is likely to vary within and across countries; hence the importance of undertaking national and international comparisons. Estimations of future need are also required to assist service planning. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of all persons placed in the different accommodation options available in the island of Ireland, and the differences across the two service systems. A database of all persons in receipt of intellectual disability services has been operating in the Republic of Ireland since 1995. In Northern Ireland, regional databases were used to provide similar information. Around 10 000 people live in some form of residential provision: 56% in special settings, 35% in ordinary housing and 9% in hospitals. Most residents were classed as having 'severe' disabilities and were aged over 35 years. There were marked differences in the amount and type of provision provided in the two parts of the island. This was also mirrored in differences across health service areas within each country. The demand for future places was greater in Northern Ireland. A planning target of 3.5 places per 1000 adult population is proposed although substantial investments in services is required to achieve this. Longitudinal surveys are an important way of monitoring the impact of new policy initiatives.
Change over 12 years in residential provision for adult persons with intellectual disabilities in Ireland
- Authors:
- McCONKEY Roy, GRAIG Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 23(1), 2018, pp.1-7.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to document the impact of major policy changes and reductions in government funding on residential provision for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Ireland. Design/methodology/approach: Ireland is unique in having a national database of people in receipt of services from specialist ID providers. Information on persons in residential settings from 2005 to 2016 was examined in terms of changes in the types of provision over time and broken down by age groups. Findings: From 2011 onwards, cuts in government funding coincided with a continuing reduction in the overall provision of residential accommodation for adults with ID. There was a parallel increase in the number of people living with family carers, especially persons aged 55 years and over. The greatest reduction was in residential centres which was in line with recent policy but this was not matched by an increase in alternative options, with fewer people aged 20-34 living in residential accommodation of any kind. Compared to Great Britain, Ireland has proportionately more residential places with fewer people living independently. Social implications: More Irish families have to continue caring for their adult relatives into their old age. Likewise, those resident in group homes and living independently are growing older which means there is an increased likelihood they will require additional support. Originality/value: This national data set is a valuable tool for monitoring changes in service provision over time and for determining the impact of government policy and funding decisions. (Publisher abstract)