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Baseline experience with Modified Mini Mental State Exam: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS)
- Authors:
- RAPP S. R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 7(3), May 2003, pp.217-223.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The Modified Mini Mental State Exam (3MS) is widely used for screening global cognitive functioning, however little is known about its performance in clinical trials. The authors report the distribution of 3MS scores among women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) and describe differences in these scores associated with age, education, and ethnicity. The 3MS exams were administered to 7,480 women aged 65-80 who had volunteered for and were eligible for a clinical trial on postmenopausal hormone therapy. General linear models were used to describe demographic differences among scores. Factor analysis was used to characterize the correlational structure of exam subscales. The distribution of 3MS scores at baseline was compressed in WHIMS compared to population-based data. Mean 3MS scores (overall 95.1) tended to decrease with age and increase with education, however these associations varied among ethnic groups ( p < 0.0001) even after adjustment for health, physical disability and occupation attainment. Four factors accounted for 37% of the total variance. Each varied with education and ethnicity; the two most prominent factors also varied with age. Despite relatively narrow distributions in WHIMS, baseline 3MS scores retained associations with age and education. These associations varied among ethnic groups, so that care must be taken in comparing data across populations.
Out in the margins
- Author:
- APPLEBY Yvon
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 9(1), 1994, pp.19-32.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Using a social construction model of both disability and lesbianism, this paper focuses on the intersection of these two identities in questioning the accessibility of the lesbian community to women who are both lesbian and disabled. Whilst many physical barriers and lack of awareness can contribute to the exclusion of disabled lesbian women from the lesbian community, so also can the unquestioned assumptions by many ablebodied lesbian women that disabled lesbian women are asexual and are somehow 'other', and are 'different' from themselves. Disabled lesbian women may be forced to contend with, and resist, discrimination from both an ablebodied heterosexist society and ablebodied discrimination from within the lesbian community. The challenges of addressing the complex issues of identity commonality, difference, and diversity will be discussed within a feminist perspective.
Health, welfare and practice: reflecting on roles and relationships
- Editors:
- WALMSLEY Jan, et al
- Publisher:
- Sage/Open University
- Publication year:
- 1993
- Pagination:
- 214p.,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- London
Broad ranging text exploring key issues in the provision and use of caring services. Focuses on the roles and relationships between health and social welfare services. Includes chapters on: caring roles and caring relationships; the health service/social work divide; midwives and doctors on the labour ward; pregnancy and childbirth - a historical perspective; how the poor die (by George Orwell); feminist theory and strategy in social work; anti-racist curriculums in social work training; women clients and women social workers; violence against black women; men - the forgotten carers; older women; acquired hearing loss; new disability services; empowerment and oppression; an account of living on a children's ward; personal and medical memories from Hillsborough; group care; and establishing a feminist model of groupwork in the probation service.