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Ascertaining the prevalence of childhood disability
- Authors:
- HUTCHINSON T., GORDON D.
- Journal article citation:
- Child: Care, Health and Development, 31(1), January 2005, pp.99-107.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim was to reapply 1985 Office of Population Census and Surveys (OPCS) disability survey methods, modified as necessary, to a sample of children to ascertain presence of disability, and then compare OPCS-based prevalence with prevalence based on carer's views and medical records. Medical records of 46% contained a diagnosis. Carers were always aware of this, although a single question did not always elicit their knowledge. OPCS-derived threshold disability criteria in categories of Hand function, Personal care, Consciousness and Continence gave prevalence results similar to medical records and carers. OPCS criteria yielded higher prevalence of disability in the areas of Locomotion (8%), Communication (14%) and Hearing (18%). Carers, OPCS and medical records disagreed markedly about prevalence of disabilities of Vision, probably because of the use of differing definitions. OPCS learning criteria were judged unsuitable and standard attainment targets (SATs) were substituted. These provided similar prevalence figures to carers and medical records. OPCS behaviour criteria were also unsuitable and were replaced by the General Health and Behaviour Questionnaire (GHBQ). This found an increased prevalence of problems compared with carers and doctors. Diagnostic labels have limited use when collecting data about disabled children. Doubt is cast on the validity of some of the 1985 OPCS threshold criteria, and reassessment is suggested before their future use. Further work is needed on the use of SATs and GHBQ in the benchmarking of disability. To collect population data it would be easier and at least equally effective (with caution in the case of Vision) to ask carers directly rather than applying descriptive thresholds and external judgements. Similar information could be obtained from medical records, however, they are likely to be out of date.
Advocating for equality
- Authors:
- LEWINGTON Wendy, CLIPSON Caroline
- Publisher:
- SCOPE
- Publication year:
- 2003
- Pagination:
- 41p.
- Place of publication:
- London
The aims of this research were: to establish the level of advocacy provision for people with physical, sensory, communication and profound and multiple impairments; to make recommendations to Government, policy-makers and others on how to ensure that people with sensory, physical, communication and profound and multiple impairments are able to access appropriate independent advocacy provision; to identify what support and resources current advocacy providers would require to develop their schemes to include people with physical, sensory, communication and profound and multiple impairments; to establish whether local authorities have a local advocacy plan and whether advocacy providers feel this would be beneficial in their area The main findings from the research also included the following.. Many disabled people with physical, sensory, communication and profound and multiple impairments would benefit from the support of an independent advocate.. There is inadequate independent advocacy provision, especially for people with physical, sensory, communication and profound and multiple impairments. The main causes of lack of independent advocacy provision are funding issues and a lack of skills and experience around working with these groups of people. The types of independent advocacy undertaken by advocacy schemes may not always meet the needs of these groups of people. Finally, there is very little evidence of advocacy plans at a local level, but overwhelming support for their development among advocacy schemes.
Consulting with children whose impairments affect their communication
- Author:
- CHILDREN IN SCOTLAND
- Publisher:
- Children in Scotland
- Publication year:
- 2000
- Pagination:
- 4p.list of orgs.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Edinburgh
This factsheet summarises the main systems of communication in current use in the UK for children and young people with communication difficulties and provides a brief explanation of them. These systems come under the overall heading of Augmentative and Alternative Communication, a term which refers to any method of communicating that supplements the ordinary methods of speech and handwriting, where these are impaired. The factsheet covers technical aids, signing systems, symbol systems and tactile systems.
The child with a disability
- Authors:
- HALL David M.B., HILL Peter D
- Publisher:
- Blackwell
- Publication year:
- 1996
- Pagination:
- 397p.,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
Practical text describing childhood disabilities. Includes chapters on: the nature of disability; intelligence, development and assessment; a review of normal development; practical aspects of assessment; hearing tests; assessment of visual function; coping with disability; services for disabled children; behaviour problems and their management; learning difficulties; communication disorders; hearing loss; visual impairment; cerebral palsy; neural tube defects and other motor disorders; educational underachievement; and fits, faints and funny turns.