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Nordic disability policies in a changing Europe: is there still a distinct Nordic model?
- Author:
- HVINDEN Bjorn
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Administration, 38(2), April 2004, pp.170-189.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Nordic welfare states have usually been characterized by encompassing or institutional systems of public provisions, both in general and for people with impairment in particular. Provisions have been perceived as being more universalistic in coverage, more generous in terms of benefit levels and availability of services, and with a greater emphasis on prevention and coordination, than provisions in other Western countries. Yet the success of the Nordic system of disability protection has recently been questioned on various grounds. These criticisms have resulted in a number of reforms recently introduced or about to be implemented. This reorientation is likely to reduce the prominence of some characteristics of the Nordic model in this particular area. Under the ongoing influence of European integration, the authors expect to see a shift of emphasis away from redistributive provisions especially income transfers, to regulative provisions, meant to ensure accessibility and combat discrimination.
Dignity and older Europeans: final report of focus groups of Spanish professionals
- Author:
- BLASCO Sergio Arino
- Publisher:
- Dignity and Older Europeans Consortium
- Publication year:
- 2004
- Pagination:
- 76p.
- Place of publication:
- Cardiff
The right to, and the need for dignity is frequently cited in policy documents relating to the health and social care of older people. It is also expressed as an important value in professional codes and declarations of human rights. Yet concerns about the standards of care for a growing number of older people abound despite global ageing being a well-recognised Dignity and Older Europeans is an international research project which brings together a range of academics, clinicians, and user groups to explore the concept of dignity in the lives of Older Europeans. The project spanned 3 years until December 2004 and involved 8 partners from 6 European countries including Spain.
Barriers to employment returners to welfare and those who have left the welfare and employment rolls
- Authors:
- SIEGEL David I., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy Journal, 3(4), 2004, pp.19-37.
- Publisher:
- Haworth Press
- Place of publication:
- Binghamton, New York
This article reports on employment barriers experienced by random samples of 200 people who have left welfare and returned between June 1999 and May 2002, and 300 who left welfare between January 1999 and December 2001 and were not on state Department of Labor employment rolls. Demographic characteristics of returners and their reported barriers to employment (transportation 32 percent, not enough pay 29 percent, no jobs in the community 26 percent, negative attitudes of co-workers 32 percent, stressful working environments 29 percent) were consistent with Wilson's (1991) article and Vartanian's work on the effects of the neighborhood environment and lack of access. Leavers, on the other hand, reported higher degrees of physical disability (53 percent), illness or injury (44 percent), and mental illness (26 percent) as barriers to employment. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580)
The perceptions of welfare reform by Michigan families whose children have disabilities and welfare caseworkers
- Authors:
- LEROY Barbara W., JOHNSON Donna M., ISRAEL Nathaniel
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy Journal, 3(1), 2004, pp.23-37.
- Publisher:
- Haworth Press
- Place of publication:
- Binghamton, New York
This article examines family and caseworker perceptions of welfare reform and services as they relate to families who have a child with a disability. Interviews were conducted with 39 families and 77 caseworkers. Family questions addressed their perceptions of the welfare system, factors impacting their self-sufficiency, and their perceptions of needed programme changes. Caseworker questions addressed their perceptions of welfare practices and policies and their education needs related to serving families who have children with disabilities. Familial perceptions of the welfare system were validated by caseworker reports. Implications for service improvement are discussed.
Disability and disadvantage: selection, onset, and duration effects
- Authors:
- JENKINS Stephen P., RIGG John A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Policy, 33(3), July 2004, pp.479-501.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
- Place of publication:
- Cambridge
This article analyses the economic disadvantage experienced by disabled persons of working age using data from the British Household Panel Survey. We argue that there are three sources of disadvantage among disabled persons: pre-existing disadvantage among those who become disabled (a ‘selection’ effect), the effect of disability onset itself, and the effects associated with remaining disabled post-onset. We show that employment rates fall with disability onset, and continue to fall the longer a disability spell lasts, whereas average income falls sharply with onset but then recovers subsequently (though not to pre-onset levels).
Sexualities: personal lives and social policy
- Editor:
- CARABINE Jean
- Publisher:
- Policy Press,|Open University
- Publication year:
- 2004
- Pagination:
- 184p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Bristol
This book explores the choices that people make about their sexuality and how these can transform their personal lives. It analyses how social policy informs and responds to such choices through an examination of normative assumptions about sexuality and its role in forming, regulating and constituting welfare subjects, discourses, theories, provisions and practices. The authors illustrate that sexuality is simultaneously central and marginal to the concerns of social policy.They place particular emphasis on social policy as a site of regulation that restricts and constrains our personal lives, but also highlight how social policy might be used as an instrument of positive change.These processes are explored through such issues as: the significance of gender relations and identities in normative constructions of heterosexual marriage, the nuclear family and parenthood; the regulatory effects of policy-making on young people’s sexual experiences and activity and their strategies of resistance; and the normative standards of sexuality and the extent to which these have marginalized and silenced the sexuality of disabled people.
Disability and transition to adulthood: the politics of parenting
- Authors:
- PASCALL Gillian, HENDLEY Nicola
- Journal article citation:
- Critical Social Policy, 24(2), May 2004, pp.165-186.
- Publisher:
- Sage
What enables young people with significant impairments to make the transition to adulthood? Becoming householders, finding work, becoming parents, feeling included as citizens: these are all more challenging in the context of housing needs, a discriminatory labour market, the need for personal assistance and transport. The study interviewed a group of 31 young adults in receipt of disability living allowance, who had jobs and independent households, and smaller comparative groups, who had one or neither of these. The authors explored disabled people’s own accounts of adulthood and what had facilitated their achievement of jobs and independent living. Education, family, employment, personal assistance, housing, benefits and welfare services were on our agenda, but respondents’ own accounts are of ‘exceptional’ parents as the key. However, not everyone can have exceptional parents. The authors discuss the politics and economics of parenthood that prevailed while our respondents grew up, when parental responsibilities were extended and parental resources reduced. And they ask how much the politics of parenthood under New Labour offers to families with disabled children.
Closer to home: a critique of British government policy towards accommodating learning disabled people in their own homes
- Author:
- STEVENS Andy
- Journal article citation:
- Critical Social Policy, 24(2), May 2004, pp.233-254.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This review of British government policy on accommodation for people with learning disability compares two White Papers: Better Services for the Mentally Handicapped(DHSS, 1971) and Valuing People(DOH, 2002). NHS employment issues muted the influence of Better Services. Statistics show a slow transfer from the NHS to other providers, but little development of independent living alternatives since 1971, despite a policy emphasis on social inclusion themes in recent policy. Promotion of housing choice, where residential care provision dominates, inhibits inclusive housing. Valuing People does not address the potentially conflicting choices of disabled people and their families and is critical of local authorities for not supporting large-scale residential care. Supported living alternatives cannot receive sufficient support where residential care agencies’ interests predominate. Better incentives are needed for local authorities to provide support for people with learning disabilities to safely live in a home of their own rather than in residential care.
Social policy review 16: analysis and debate in social policy, 2004
- Editor:
- ELLISON Nick
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- Publication year:
- 2004
- Pagination:
- 298p.,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- Bristol
Annual selection of commissioned articles focusing on developments and debates in the UK, Europe and internationally.