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The use and abuse of models of disability
- Authors:
- LLEWELLYN A., HOGAN K.
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 15(1), January 2000, pp.157-165.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Throughout history, theorists have made use of the technology of the day to provide explanatory models of the behaviour they observe in order to provide an improved understanding of human behaviour. This article shows that models do have their place within disability research and discusses the implications of using the medical and social models of disability, together with two models from development psychology, namely the transactional model and systems theory, will be discussed. Argues that the usage of these models can aid understanding of disability in both research and clinical settings.
Constructions and creations: idealism, materialism and disability theory
- Author:
- PRIESTLEY Mark
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 13(1), February 1998, pp.75-94.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article suggests that a proper understanding of disability theory requires more than a distinction between individual and social model approaches. It is also helpful to distinguish between materialist and idealist explanations. These two dimensions are used to generate a four-fold typology which highlights important differences between the main approaches. Social model approaches are examined in more detail and the article concludes that although social constructionist accounts have been useful they do not provide a sufficient level of explanation.
Integrating models of disability: a reply to Shakespeare and Watson
- Author:
- JOHNSTON Marie
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 12(2), April 1997, pp.307-310.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Comments on the article 'Defending the social model' by Shakespeare and Watson in the preceding pages (pp.293-300), and argues that a model of social influence does not rule out a psychological model.
Social work with disabled people
- Author:
- OLIVER M.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work Today, 6.4.89, 1989, p.21.
- Publisher:
- British Association of Social Workers
Explains why an individualist approach to disability is an inappropriate and even disablist model for social work intervention.
The whats, whys and hows of local model activities
- Author:
- -
- Journal article citation:
- Contact, 61, Autumn 1989, pp.29-3O.
- Publisher:
- Royal Assocation for Disability and Rehabilitation
The HELIOS - Handicapped People in Europe Living Independently in an Open Society - project aims at integrating disabled people fully into society.
Addressing sexual issues in individuals with chronic health conditions
- Authors:
- CLAIRBORNE Nancy, RIZZO Victoria M.
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Work, 31(3), August 2006, pp.221-224.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This article aims to provide social workers with information about the PLISSIT model, the intervention used for the treatment of people with disabilities or chronic illness who have sexuality issues. PLISSIT stands for the four levels of intervention: i) permission giving, ii) limited information, iii) specific suggestions, and iv) intensive therapy.
How is disability understood?: an examination of sociological approaches
- Author:
- THOMAS Carol
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 19(6), October 2004, pp.569-583.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This paper considers sociological understandings of what constitutes disability. Current meanings of disability in both disability studies and medical sociology are examined and compared, using selected articles from leading authors in each discipline as case studies. These disciplines are often represented as offering starkly contrasting approaches to disability, with their differences amounting to a disciplinary 'divide'. It is argued that, on closer inspection, common ground can be found between some writers in disability studies and medical sociology. It is suggested that this situation has arisen because, in disability studies, the social relational understanding of disability developed by Vic Finkelstein and Paul Hunt in the 1970s has been lost over time, overshadowed by the rise to prominence of its offspring: the social model of disability. The paper concludes with some reflections on the need to revive a social relational understanding of disability.
Reason's other: the emergence of the disabled subject in the Northern renaissance
- Author:
- STAINTON Tim
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 19(3), May 2004, pp.225-243.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
By the late fifteenth century, the debate over the role of reason and the constitution of the human subject freed public discourse from its reliance on God and placed the rational individual at the centre of social and political thought. The emphasis on rationality necessitated a parallel discourse on its opposite--'reason's Other'. In this period, representations of disabled people change in response to this new paradigm. Late medieval cultural documents, such as those of Brant and Bosch, employ folly as a metaphorical device, associated with the qualities of Everyman. However, with the rise of renaissance humanism, the benign metaphors of folly associated with the abstract everyman quickly become inscribed on the bodies of those people who would be constructed as reason's 'Other'--people with intellectual and physical disabilities--and the abstract discourse of folly is transformed into a much more direct representational association of disability with depravity. "What a piece of work is man! how noble in reason! how infinite in faculty! …the paragon of animals!" Hamlet II.ii
Nordic disability policies in a changing Europe: is there still a distinct Nordic model?
- Author:
- HVINDEN Bjorn
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Administration, 38(2), April 2004, pp.170-189.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Nordic welfare states have usually been characterized by encompassing or institutional systems of public provisions, both in general and for people with impairment in particular. Provisions have been perceived as being more universalistic in coverage, more generous in terms of benefit levels and availability of services, and with a greater emphasis on prevention and coordination, than provisions in other Western countries. Yet the success of the Nordic system of disability protection has recently been questioned on various grounds. These criticisms have resulted in a number of reforms recently introduced or about to be implemented. This reorientation is likely to reduce the prominence of some characteristics of the Nordic model in this particular area. Under the ongoing influence of European integration, the authors expect to see a shift of emphasis away from redistributive provisions especially income transfers, to regulative provisions, meant to ensure accessibility and combat discrimination.
Helen Keller: rethinking the problematic icon
- Author:
- CROW Liz
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 15(6), October 2000, pp.845-859.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This paper charts the creation of Keller's popular image and enduring iconic status, analysing their purpose and the implications they hold for disabled people. It then examines the truth of her life, revealing how contemporary are the issues which determined it. Finally, it explores the value of retelling her biography and the relevance it holds in the building of disability culture.