Search results for ‘Subject term:"physical disabilities"’ Sort:
Results 31 - 40 of 279
Problems with assessments of activities of daily living
- Author:
- EAKIN Pamela
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52(2), February 1989, pp.50-54.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Discusses the concepts of reliability, validity, measurement scales in assessment procedures.
Community service provision and younger disabled people: a profile
- Authors:
- EVERS Helen, et al
- Publisher:
- University of Birmingham. Health Services Research Centre
- Publication year:
- 1988
- Pagination:
- 44p., tables, bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Birmingham
Profiles younger physically handicapped people making use of community services in Birmingham.
Disabled young people: making choices for future living options
- Authors:
- KUH D., LAWRENCE C., TRIPP J.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Services Research, 15(4/5), 1986, pp.57-86.
- Publisher:
- Social Services Research Group
Describes a survey to identify needs and various initiatives to supply practical services.
Fluctuating needs: the Care Act 2014
- Author:
- SOCIAL CARE INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE
- Publisher:
- Social Care Institute for Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 6 minutes 56 seconds
- Place of publication:
- London
Under the Care Act 2014, assessments should reflect more accurately a comprehensive picture of people's needs - including how they change over time. In this film two people, one with mental health needs, the other with a physical disability, talk about their conditions, assessment, how their needs can fluctuate and the impact this has on the level of care and support they need. The film illustrates how the new requirement aims to recognise people as individuals by endorsing a much-needed degree of flexibility and responsive care, as well as offering valuable support for people with mental health and physical health conditions which may vary over time. (Edited publisher abstract)
A systematic review of instruments for assessment of capacity in activities of daily living in children with developmental co-ordination disorder
- Authors:
- LINDE B.W.van der, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child: Care, Health and Development, 41(1), 2015, pp.23-34.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Children with developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD) face evident motor difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL). Assessment of their capacity in ADL is essential for diagnosis and intervention, in order to limit the daily consequences of the disorder. The aim of this study is to systematically review potential instruments for standardized and objective assessment of children's capacity in ADL, suited for children with DCD. As a first step, databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched to identify studies that described instruments with potential for assessment of capacity in ADL. Second, instruments were included for review when two independent reviewers agreed that the instruments (1) are standardized and objective; (2) assess at activity level and comprise items that reflect ADL; and (3) are applicable to school-aged children that can move independently. Out of 1507 publications, 66 publications were selected, describing 39 instruments. Seven of these instruments were found to fulfil the criteria and were included for review: the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Performance-2 (BOT2); the Do-Eat (Do-Eat); the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC2); the school-Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (schoolAMPS); the Tuffts Assessment of Motor Performance (TAMP); the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD); and the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM). As a third step, for the included instruments, suitability for children with DCD was discussed based on the ADL comprised, ecological validity and other psychometric properties. It is concluded that current instruments do not provide comprehensive and ecologically valid assessment of capacity in ADL as required for children with DCD. (Publisher abstract)
Assessment of family needs in children with physical disabilities: development of a family needs inventory
- Authors:
- ALSEM M.W., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child: Care, Health and Development, 40(4), 2014, pp.498-506.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Valid tools to assess family needs for children with physical disabilities are needed to help tune paediatric rehabilitation care processes to individual needs of these families. To create such a family needs inventory, needs of families of children with a physical disability (age 0–18 years) were identified. We examined differences in the number and type of needs listed by families when asked for by means of an interview compared with using an inventory. Methods:Forty-nine families of children with a wide variety of physical disabilities (mean age 7.7 years; SD 4.6) participated in semi-structured interviews, focusing on family needs. They also checked an inventory of 99 items (based on a previously conducted literature review), regarding their family needs. In addition, individual interviews with healthcare professionals, and panel meetings with healthcare professionals and parents were held to further identify relevant family needs for the inventory. Results:The individual parent and healthcare professional interviews raised 41 needs that were not included in the original inventory of 99 items. Moreover, the panel meetings raised a further 49 needs. After restructuring and reformulating several items, a 187-item Family Needs Inventory – Paediatric Rehabilitation (FNI-PR) was created. The parent interviews revealed significantly less family needs (mean number of needs = 10.8; SD = 6.0) compared with using the inventory (mean number of needs = 31.7; SD = 19.7) (P < 0.0001). Most expressed family needs were related to both general and specific information concerning the child's development and treatment, aids and information about legislation and to rules relating to compensation of costs. Conclusion:Based on responses of parents and healthcare professionals the FNI-PR has been developed, a comprehensive inventory for family needs that can be used in paediatric rehabilitation. An inventory checked by parents resulted in more family needs than a single open-ended question. The inventory may facilitate the implementation of family-centred care. (Publisher abstract)
Cross-cultural validation of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) in Spain
- Authors:
- LONGO E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child: Care, Health and Development, 40(2), 2014, pp.231-241.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Despite growing interest in the topic of participation, the construct has not yet been assessed in children and adolescents with and without cerebral palsy (CP) in Spain. As there are no available instruments to measure participation in leisure activities which have been adapted in this country, the goal of this study was to validate a Spanish version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). Method: The sample comprised 199 children and adolescents with CP and 199 without CP, between 8 and 18 years of age, from seven regions in Spain. The adaptation of the original version of CAPE was carried out through translation and backward translation, and the validity of the instrument was analysed. Construct validity was assessed through the correlation of the diverse CAPE domains and the quality of life domains (KIDSCREEN questionnaire). Discriminant validity was established by comparing children and adolescents with CP and typically developing children and adolescents. For test–retest reliability, the children and adolescents with and without CP completed the CAPE questionnaire twice within 4 weeks. Results: The correlations found between the CAPE domains and the quality of life domains show that the CAPE presents construct validity. The CAPE discriminated children and adolescents with CP from those without any disability in the results of participation. According to most CAPE domains, typically developing children and adolescents engage in a greater number of activities than children and adolescents with CP. Test–retest reliability for the Spanish version of CAPE was adequate. Conclusion: The study provides a valid instrument to assess the participation of children and adolescents with and without CP who live in Spain. (Publisher abstract)
Evaluation of an agency-based occupational therapy intervention to facilitate aging in place
- Authors:
- SHEFFIELD Chava, SMITH Charles A., BECKER Mary
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 53(6), 2013, pp.907-918.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Purpose: The United States faces a growing population of older adults and accompanying functional disabilities, coupled with constrained public resources and diminishing informal supports. A variety of interventions that aim to improve client outcomes have been studied, but to date, there is limited translational research that examines the efficacy of moving such interventions from clinical trials to agency settings. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate a restorative occupational therapy intervention relative to “usual care” among community-dwelling older adults. The intervention included a detailed assessment from a person–environment perspective and provision of adaptive equipment and home modifications where appropriate. The intervention (n = 31) and control groups (n = 29) were evaluated at 3 months and assessed for changes in functional status, home safety, falls, health-related quality of life (HRQoL; EQ5D), depression, social support, and fear of falling; a 4 subgroup analysis also examined outcomes by waiting list status. An informal economic evaluation compared the intervention to usual care. Results: Findings indicated improvements in home safety (p < .0005, b = −15.87), HRQoL (p = .03, b = 0.08), and fear of falling (p < .05, b = 2.22). Findings did not show improvement in functional status or reduction in actual falls. The intervention resulted in a 39% reduction in recommended hours of personal care, which if implemented, could result in significant cost savings. Implications: The study adds to the growing literature of occupational therapy interventions for older adults, and the findings support the concept that restorative approaches can be successfully implemented in public agencies. (Publisher abstract)
Understanding dyspraxia: a guide for parents and teachers
- Author:
- BOON Maureen
- Publisher:
- Jessica Kingsley
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 141p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
- Edition:
- 2nd ed.
The author draws upon her 30 years’ experience of working with children with movement disorders to provide clear and positive answers to questions commonly asked by parents and teachers about dyspraxia. This fully-updated second edition of her book has been revised to reflect current practice and developments. The characteristics of dyspraxia and assessment procedures are explained followed by discussion of what can be done to help. New material has been added on concepts such as physical literacy and whether the incidence of dyspraxia has increased. Terminology is reviewed and the therapeutic options considered. New case studies and photographs are used to illustrate successful interventions in practice. Appendices provide details of useful publications, programmes, equipment and organisations. Chapters include: What is dyspraxia?; What causes dyspraxia?; What are children with dyspraxia like?; How are children with dyspraxia identified?; How are children with dyspraxia assessed?; Interventions in school: primary or elementary school; Interventions in school: secondary, middle or high school and further education; How Can Parents Help Their Child?; Therapeutic Interventions; and Leaving school, further education, careers and adult life.
Use of standardised assessments and outcome measures among a sample of Irish occupational therapists working with adults with physical disabilities
- Authors:
- STAPLETON Tadhg, MCBREARTY Ciara
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(2), February 2009, pp.55-64.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This study was carried out to explore the current usage of standardised assessments and outcome measures by occupational therapists working with adults with physical disabilities. A survey research design, using a postal questionnaire specifically designed for the study, was employed. Completed questionnaires were returned by 109 occupational therapists working in a variety of settings, including acute care, community and inpatient rehabilitation. A range of standardised assessments and outcome measures was in use, with an average of four different measures being used by the individual respondents. The most commonly used measures were the Mini Mental State Examination (Folstein et al 1975), Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (Wilson et al 1985), Functional Independence Measure (Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation 1999), Barthel Index (Mahoney and Barthel 1965) and the Chessington Occupational Therapy Neurological Assessment Battery (Tyerman et al 1986). However, the consistency of use tended to be low. The barriers to a more consistent use of standardised assessments and outcome measures included time restraints, the unsuitability of the available measures and a lack of sensitivity of the available measures to capture the effectiveness of occupational therapy. The findings support those of previous studies exploring this issue among occupational therapists from different areas of practice. The respondents in this study highlighted the need for a multifaceted approach, encompassing educational, managerial and individual responsibility, to address the issue of the usage of standardised assessments and outcome measures among occupational therapists.