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Evaluation of an agency-based occupational therapy intervention to facilitate aging in place
- Authors:
- SHEFFIELD Chava, SMITH Charles A., BECKER Mary
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 53(6), 2013, pp.907-918.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Purpose: The United States faces a growing population of older adults and accompanying functional disabilities, coupled with constrained public resources and diminishing informal supports. A variety of interventions that aim to improve client outcomes have been studied, but to date, there is limited translational research that examines the efficacy of moving such interventions from clinical trials to agency settings. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate a restorative occupational therapy intervention relative to “usual care” among community-dwelling older adults. The intervention included a detailed assessment from a person–environment perspective and provision of adaptive equipment and home modifications where appropriate. The intervention (n = 31) and control groups (n = 29) were evaluated at 3 months and assessed for changes in functional status, home safety, falls, health-related quality of life (HRQoL; EQ5D), depression, social support, and fear of falling; a 4 subgroup analysis also examined outcomes by waiting list status. An informal economic evaluation compared the intervention to usual care. Results: Findings indicated improvements in home safety (p < .0005, b = −15.87), HRQoL (p = .03, b = 0.08), and fear of falling (p < .05, b = 2.22). Findings did not show improvement in functional status or reduction in actual falls. The intervention resulted in a 39% reduction in recommended hours of personal care, which if implemented, could result in significant cost savings. Implications: The study adds to the growing literature of occupational therapy interventions for older adults, and the findings support the concept that restorative approaches can be successfully implemented in public agencies. (Publisher abstract)
Occupational therapy targeting physical environmental barriers in buildings with public facilities
- Authors:
- IWARSSON Susanne, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(1), January 2004, pp.29-38.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Evaluates an occupational therapy based intervention aimed at increasing the accessibility to buildings with public facilities in a Swedish town centre, which targeted physical environmental barriers. The intervention was occupational therapy based on the environmental assessments of each facility, given to the facility owners in order to ease the removal of environmental barriers. Another aim was to elucidate the attitudes towards and the practical obstacles to the implementation of accessibility measures among public facility owners. Systematic on-site observations of environmental barriers were administered in five buildings with different facilities, at baseline and at follow-up 18 months later, and were complemented by semi-structured interviews with the facility owners at follow-up. At baseline, environmental barriers were found in all five facilities, such as at entrances, and at follow-up only minor improvements were identified. Two of the facility owners had made use of the occupational therapy advice, but the results also revealed scarce knowledge of or negative attitudes towards accessibility measures. Concludes that active occupational therapy, as described in this study, can influence the situation only to a limited extent.
Quality of life and disability: an approach for community practitioners
- Authors:
- BROWN Ivan, BROWN Roy I.
- Publisher:
- Jessica Kingsley
- Publication year:
- 2003
- Pagination:
- 270p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
Quality of life, physical, psychological and environmental well-being, is a crucial consideration for professionals working with people with a disability. The authors of this book apply ideas about quality of life to the field of disability to assist front-line professionals, managers and policy-makers in effective service provision.They examine the historical context of the concept of quality of life, and discuss the application of quality of life in the daily lives of people who are disabled. Using recent studies to show how the development of quality of life models have led to changes in rehabilitation, and how an understanding of the issue can inform practice in assessment, intervention, management and policy, this book is addressed to practitioners and managers working with people with disabilities.
Maltreatment of children with disabilities: training needs for a collaborative response
- Authors:
- ORELOVE Fred P., HOLLAHAN Dorothy J., MYLES Kelly
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 24(2), February 2000, pp.185-194.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
There is a dearth of research on how to respond to children with disabilities who have been maltreated. The current study used a needs assessment instrument tailored to each of three key groups; parents, educators, and investigators. Respondents were asked about their knowledge level, experience with, and training interests on maltreatment of children with disabilities. The current study helps document the nature of those knowledge gaps and, thereby informs the development of training programmes for building a more co-ordinated and informed response to maltreatment of children with disabilities.
Introduction to challenging behaviour
- Author:
- PIMM Paul L.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(7), July 1998, pp.306-310.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Introduces the topic of challenging behaviour based on a review of the relevant literature and from work with people with cerebral palsy who challenge services. Discusses defining a behaviour as challenging, reasons for the behaviour, assessment and management of challenging behaviour.
Disabled children and developing countries
- Editors:
- ZINKIN Pam, McCONACHIE Helen
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
- Publication year:
- 1995
- Pagination:
- 249p.,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- Cambridge
Aimed at professionals working in developing countries. Includes chapters on: prevalence of disability in the developing world; services for disabled children; the evaluation of interventions; early intervention in developing countries; surgery and disabled children; early identification of disabilities; responding to special needs through teacher development; violence and disabled children; rights not charity; and disability programmes in the community.
Cerebral palsy: problems and practice
- Authors:
- GRIFFITHS Margaret, CLEGG Mary
- Publisher:
- Souvenir Press
- Publication year:
- 1988
- Pagination:
- 179p., bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- London
Aimed at parents and professionals - gives practical advice on dealing and coping with handicapped children. Emphasises the individual assessment of each child's needs to prepare them for independent adulthood.
Valuing older people: positive psychological practice
- Author:
- STIRLING Elspeth
- Publisher:
- Wiley-Blackwell
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 213p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Chichester
A global guide to positive psychological practice when dealing with older and very old people. The author, previously a clinical psychologist, champions social role valorisation (SRV) in relation to older people and ageing. SRV theory is based on opposing society’s tendency to devalue particular groups of people because they are ‘different. The author applies it, not only to counteract stereotyped attitudes that older people are valueless, but to promote beneficial effects of having our elders active in society and observing and learning from, for example, their coping behaviour. Chapters cover: the psychology and ecology of ageing; preventive psychology in later life; assessment in the new paradigm; new paradigm principles for intervention; older people and cognitive disabilities; new paradigm principles of service design; and psychological therapies with older people.
Promoting safe play and 'hanging out'
- Author:
- JENKINS Nick
- Publisher:
- Barnardo's
- Publication year:
- 2002
- Pagination:
- 7p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This report argues that there are important issues for the promotion of safe play and hanging out, that have implications for interventions. The major problem is how to reduce serious childhood injuries that occur through play activities, while promoting an inclusive play environment that allows children and young people to take risks and learn through exposure to an acceptable level of hazard.
Together from the start: practical guidance for professionals working with disabled children (birth to 2) and their families
- Authors:
- GREAT BRITAIN. Department for Education and Skills, GREAT BRITAIN. Department of Health
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Education and Skills
- Publication year:
- 2002
- Pagination:
- 41p.
- Place of publication:
- Nottingham
`Where children have special needs and disabilities, it is important that identification leads directly to effective early intervention and support for families and children. This guidance is designed to improve service provision to very young disabled children and their families. Content include: assessment and early intervention; coordinating service provision, ways of working in partnership; working with children and families; planning a family-centred approach to service delivery.