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Age and disability: explaining the wage differential
- Authors:
- GANNON Brendon, MUNLEY Margaret
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 69(1), July 2009, pp.47-55.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This paper estimates the level of explained and unexplained factors that contribute to the wage gap between workers with and without disabilities, providing benchmark estimates for Ireland. It separates out the confounding impact of productivity differences between disabled and non-disabled, by comparing wage differentials across three groups, disabled with limitations, disabled without limitations and non-disabled. Furthermore, data are analysed for the years 1995–2001 and two sub-samples pre and post 1998 allow us to decompose wage differentials before and after the Employment Equality Act 1998. Results are comparable to those of the UK and the unexplained component (upper bound of discrimination) is lower once we control for productivity differences. The lower bound level depends on the contribution of unobserved effects and the validity of the selection component in the decomposition model.
“Kids like me, we go lightly on the head”: experiences of children with a visual impairment on the physical self-concept
- Authors:
- DE SCHIPPER Tessa, LIEBERMAN Lauren J., MOODY Brigitte
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Visual Impairment, 35(1), 2017, pp.55-68.
- Publisher:
- Sage
There has been limited research published investigating the experiences of the children with a visual impairment in physical activity and sports. The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of children with a visual impairment on their physical self-concept (PSC). A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was employed to investigate the experiences of children with a visual impairment. Qualitative interviews were conducted with six children between 10 and 12 years, followed by a thematic content analysis. Within the framework of the PSC, four themes emerged: (1) adaptations, (2) friends, (3) bullying, and (4) eyes and glasses. Findings suggest that children with a visual impairment despite the occurrence of bullying or lack of adaptations in sports of physical activity are satisfied with their physical self and global self-esteem. (Publisher abstract)
CASP-19 special section: how does chronic disease status affect CASP quality of life at older ages? examining the WHO ICF disability domains as mediators of this relationship
- Authors:
- SEXTON E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 19(7), 2015, pp.622-633.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: The effect of chronic disease status on quality of life (QoL) has been well established. However, less is known about how chronic diseases affect QoL. This article examines impairment in three domains of the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability (ICF) – body function, activity and participation, as well as affective well-being, – as potential mediators of the relationship between chronic disease and QoL. Method: A cross-sectional sample (n = 4961) of the general Irish community-dwelling population aged 50+ years was obtained from the Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TILDA). The CASP measure of QoL was examined as two dimensions – control/autonomy and self-realisation/pleasure. Structural equation modelling was used to test the direct and indirect effects of chronic disease on QoL, via variables capturing body function, activity, participation and positive affect. Results: A factor analysis showed that indicators of body function and activity loaded onto a single overall physical impairment factor. This physical impairment factor fully mediated the effect of chronic disease on positive affect and QoL. The total effect of chronic disease on control/autonomy (−0.160) was primarily composed of an indirect effect via physical impairment (−0.86), and via physical impairment and positive affect (−0.45). The decomposition of effects on self-realisation/pleasure was similar, although the direct effect of physical impairment was weaker. The model fitted the data well (RMSEA = 0.02, TLI = 0.96, CFI = 0.96). Conclusion: Chronic disease affects QoL through increased deficits in physical body function and activity. This overall physical impairment affects QoL both directly and indirectly via reduced positive affect. (Publisher abstract)
Exploring occupational adaptation through the lives of women with multiple sclerosis
- Authors:
- CAHILL Mairead, CONNOLLY Deirdre, STAPLETON Tadhg
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 73(3), March 2010, pp.106-115.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects people's physical capabilities and the lives of people with MS are constantly changing (Finlayson et al 2005), yet how people adapt to the disease from an occupational perspective has received little attention. This study explored the occupational adaptation of women with MS. Seven women with MS were recruited from the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Ireland. Each participant completed the Modified Interest Checklist (Kielhofner and Neville 1983), the Role Checklist (Oakley et al 1985) and the Occupational Questionnaire (Smith et al 1986). Qualitative data were also collected, using the Occupational Performance History Interview - II (Kielhofner et al 2004). Three main themes emerged: the impact of MS on (i) performance capacity, (ii) roles and (iii) interests. The participants adapted by performing interests and roles differently and developing new meaningful interests and roles that were congruent with their performance capacity. The findings highlight the importance of having an understanding of the impact of different types of MS on the occupational adaptation process. A greater understanding will facilitate occupational therapists in enabling people with MS to adapt to their condition by engaging in meaningful occupations throughout the lifespan.
Use of standardised assessments and outcome measures among a sample of Irish occupational therapists working with adults with physical disabilities
- Authors:
- STAPLETON Tadhg, MCBREARTY Ciara
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(2), February 2009, pp.55-64.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This study was carried out to explore the current usage of standardised assessments and outcome measures by occupational therapists working with adults with physical disabilities. A survey research design, using a postal questionnaire specifically designed for the study, was employed. Completed questionnaires were returned by 109 occupational therapists working in a variety of settings, including acute care, community and inpatient rehabilitation. A range of standardised assessments and outcome measures was in use, with an average of four different measures being used by the individual respondents. The most commonly used measures were the Mini Mental State Examination (Folstein et al 1975), Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (Wilson et al 1985), Functional Independence Measure (Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation 1999), Barthel Index (Mahoney and Barthel 1965) and the Chessington Occupational Therapy Neurological Assessment Battery (Tyerman et al 1986). However, the consistency of use tended to be low. The barriers to a more consistent use of standardised assessments and outcome measures included time restraints, the unsuitability of the available measures and a lack of sensitivity of the available measures to capture the effectiveness of occupational therapy. The findings support those of previous studies exploring this issue among occupational therapists from different areas of practice. The respondents in this study highlighted the need for a multifaceted approach, encompassing educational, managerial and individual responsibility, to address the issue of the usage of standardised assessments and outcome measures among occupational therapists.
New citizenship by new ways of economic integration
- Authors:
- HERRMANN Peter, STEPHENSON Svetlana, GEOGHEGAN Martin
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Europe, 9(2), 2002, pp.23-36.
- Publisher:
- Russell House
Discusses the reasons behind the crisis of the state, the new forms of citizenship that are being constructed through new ways of economic integration and how this relates to the crisis. Examines the findings of research on projects working with people who are on the margins of accepted citizenship. The first project focuses on the activities of Russian non-government organisations working with vulnerable groups and the second looks at work with Travellers in Ireland. The author argues that NGOs may now be reaching their limits in expanding the experience of citizenship.
Irish attitudes to sexual relationships and people with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- McCONKEY Roy, LEAVEY Gerry
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 41(3), 2013, pp.181-188.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Limited progress has been made in supporting people with intellectual disabilities to form intimate relationships. A critical factor that has been rarely researched is the attitude of the general public which likely has a significant influence on public policy on this issue. Unique to Ireland, are the five-yearly national surveys commissioned by the National Disability Authority that recruit representative samples of over 1000 adult persons. On three occasions in the past 10 years, respondents were asked to rate their agreement that people with various disabilities and with mental health difficulties had the right to fulfilment through sexual relationships and to have children if they wished. Secondary analysis of the 2011 data set identified those persons who were more likely to be in agreement and also the concerns raised by respondents. The findings are discussed in relation to priorities for future research and actions needed to reduce the stigma associated with disability or mental ill health. (Publisher abstract)
On the margins: disabled people's experience of employment in Donegal, West Ireland (1)
- Authors:
- KITCHIN Rob, SHIRLOW Peter, SHUTTLEWORTH Ian
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 13(5), November 1998, pp.785-806.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Traditionally, studies of disabled people's access to the labour market have been largely restricted to labour market 'censuses', often conducted by government agencies, and econometric studies. This article explores disabled people's access to and experiences of employment in Donegal, West Ireland, using a qualitative approach. Twelve disabled people and four non-disabled helpers, divided into two focus groups, were interviewed using an in-depth, informal conversational strategy. Respondents identified a number of potential solutions which mainly focused around disability awareness, removing barriers to gaining employment and the implementation of stronger legislation. In the final section, the issues and solutions raised by disabled people are compared to those identified by non-disabled people, collected in a parallel study.