Search results for ‘Subject term:"personality disorders"’ Sort:
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Problem solving therapy for people with personality disorders: an overview
- Authors:
- MCMURRAN Mary, NEZU Arthur M., NEZU Christine Maguth
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Review Journal, 13(2), June 2008, pp.35-39.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Problem-solving therapy is an appropriate treatment for personality disorders because, rather than trying to change basic personality structure, the aim is to help people with personality disorder to learn new skills to manage their emotional dysregulation and to work within their abilities to cope more effectively with life’s problems. This overview describes the underpinning model of social problem-solving, and explains how PST aims to assist with problem-solving difficulties.
Beliefs, values, and action: the judgment model of cognitive distortions in sexual offenders
- Authors:
- WARD Tony, GANNON Theresa A., KEOWN Kirsten
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(4), July 2006, pp.323-340.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
In this paper, the authors present the Judgment Model of Cognitive Distortions (JMCD), a new model of cognitive distortions that spans multiple levels of analysis and contains different types of judgments. This model proposes that cognitive distortions tend to cluster together in what we have termed Thematic Networks (TN): judgments about beliefs, values, and actions. The authors argue that the three sets of judgments cover all types of cognitive distortions apparent in sexual offenders including those revolving around content (i.e., asserting characteristics to people, the offender, the world) and cognitive operations (i.e., denial, minimization, rationalizations). Following a description of the JMCD. the authors demonstrate how it can account for the cognitive schemata identified in sexual offenders by researchers and clinicians. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the clinical and research implications of the JMCD.
Personality disorder and impaired functioning from adolescence to adulthood
- Authors:
- SKODOL Andrew E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(5), May 2007, pp.415-420.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Little is currently known about functioning and impairment during adulthood associated with the course of personality disorders. This article investigates the association of personality disorder stability from adolescence through middle adulthood with measures of global functioning and impairment, using prospective epidemiological data. A community-based sample of 658 individuals was interviewed at mean ages 14, 16, 22 and 33 years. Individuals with persistent personality disorder had markedly poorer functioning and greater impairment at mean age 33 years than did those who had never been identified as having such disorder or who had a personality disorder that was in remission, after co-occurring Axis I disorders at age 33 years were taken into account. Remitted disorder was associated with mild long-term impairment. Adult-onset personality disorders, however, were also associated with significant impairment. Persistent and adult-onset personality disorders are associated with functional impairment among adults in the community. These effects are independent of co-occurring Axis I disorders.
Social problem-solving plus psychoeducation for adults with personality disorder
- Authors:
- HUBAND Nick, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(4), April 2007, pp.307-313.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Social problem-solving therapy may be relevant in the treatment of personality disorder, although assessments of its effectiveness are uncommon. The aim was to determine the effectiveness of a problem-solving intervention for adults with personality disorder in the community under conditions resembling routine clinical practice. Participants were randomly allocated to brief psychoeducation plus 16 problem-solving group sessions (n=87) or to waiting-list control (n=89). Primary outcome was comparison of scores on the Social Problem Solving Inventory and the Social Functioning Questionnaire between intervention and control arms at the conclusion of treatment, on average at 24 weeks after randomisation. In intention-to-treat analysis, those allocated to intervention showed significantly better problem-solving skills (P<0.001), higher overall social functioning (P=0.031) and lower anger expression (P=0.039) compared with controls. No significant differences were found on use of services during the intervention period. Problem-solving plus psychoeducation has potential as a preliminary intervention for adults with personality disorder.
Can deficits in social problem-solving in people with personality disorder be reversed?
- Author:
- CRAWFORD M. J.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(4), April 2007, pp.283-284.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Research evidence is beginning to emerge that social problem-solving can improve the social functioning of people with personality disorder. This approach is particularly important because it may be relatively easy to train healthcare workers to deliver this intervention. However, the costs and cost-effectiveness of social problem-solving need to be established if it is to be made more widely available.
Social problem solving, autobiographical memory, trauma, and depression in women with borderline personality disorder and a history of suicide attempts
- Authors:
- MAUREX Liselotte, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(3), September 2010, pp.327-342.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The primary aim of this study was to compare the retrieval of autobiographical memory and the social problem-solving performance of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and a history of suicide attempts, with and without concurrent diagnoses of depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to that of controls. Additionally, the relationships between autobiographical memory, social problem-solving skills, and various clinical characteristics were examined in the BPD group. The study participants were 47 women with a diagnosis of BPD, who had made at least 2 suicide attempts, and 30 controls. The participants completed the Autobiographical Memory Test, assessing memory specificity, and the means-end problem solving-procedure, measuring social problem-solving skills. The prevalence of suicidal/self-injurious behaviour, and the exposure to violence, was also assessed in the BPD group. The results showed that, compared to controls, participants with BPD showed reduced specificity of autobiographical memory, irrespective of either concurrent depression, previous depression, or concurrent PTSD. The depressed BPD group displayed poor problem-solving skills. Further, an association between unspecific memory and poor problem-solving was displayed in the BPD group. The article concludes that reduced specificity of autobiographical memory is an important characteristic of BPD individuals with a history of suicide attempt, independent of depression, or PTSD. Reduced specificity of autobiographical memory was further related to poor social problem-solving capacity in the BPD group.
Implicit cognitive distortions and sexual offending
- Authors:
- MIHAILDES Stephen, DEVILLY Grant J., WARD Tony
- Journal article citation:
- Sexual Abuse a Journal of Research and Treatment, 16(4), October 2004, pp.333-350.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This work develops and tests the semantic-motivation hypothesis of sexual offenders' implicit cognitions. This hypothesis posits that sexual offenders' cognitive distortions emerge at the interface between implicit motivation and cognition. The semantic-motivation hypothesis is used to guide the development of 3 implicit association tests (IATs). These IATs were used to test for the existence of 3 expected child sexual offender implicit cognitive distortions in child sexual offenders (“children as sexual beings,” “uncontrollability of sexuality,” and “sexual entitlement-bias”). Results showed that child sexual offenders had larger IAT effects than did mainstream offenders and male and female nonoffenders for the “children as sexual beings” and the “uncontrollability of sexuality” implicit theories. Child sexual offenders also had a larger IAT effect than male and female nonoffenders for the “sexual entitlement-bias” implicit theory. Implications for the semantic-motivation hypothesis are discussed.
Disorganized attachment and Borderline Personality Disorder: a clinical perspective
- Author:
- HOLMES Jeremy
- Journal article citation:
- Attachment and Human Development, 6(2), June 2004, pp.181-190.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The aim of this paper is to explore the links between the attachment-theory derived concept of disorganized attachment, and the psychiatric diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Disorganized attachment can be understood in terms of an approach-avoidance dilemma for infants for whom stressed or traumatized/traumatizing caregivers are simultaneously a source of threat and a secure base. Interpersonal relationships in BPD including those with care givers is similarly seen in terms of approach-avoidance dilemmas, which manifests themselves in disturbed transference/countertransference interactions between therapists and BPD sufferers. Possible ways of handling these phenomena are suggested, based on Main's (1995) notion of 'meta-cognitive monitoring', in the hope of re-instating meaning and more stable self-structures, in these patients' lives.
Cognitive treatment of obsessions
- Author:
- WILHELM Sabine
- Journal article citation:
- Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3(2), Summer 2003, pp.187-199.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This article briefly describes the nature and prevalence of obsessions without overt compulsions, and it reviews a cognitive model and cognitive domains relevant for OCD. A case example highlights the application of cognitive strategies for obsessions without overt rituals.
Cognitive and behavioural methods for obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Authors:
- WHITTAL Maureen L., O'NEILL Melanie L.
- Journal article citation:
- Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3(2), Summer 2003, pp.201-225.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The psychological treatment of choice for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been behavioural in nature, that is, mainly exposure and response prevention (ERP). Recent advances and interest in cognitive therapy, largely spurred by the theoretical paper of Salkovskis in 1985, led to the development of cognitively focused approaches for the treatment of OCD. Although ERP has strong empirical support for its efficacy, cognitive interventions are receiving mounting evidence. Combining cognitive and behavioural techniques to match with a patient's unique symptom presentation may help maximize treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction. The purpose of this article is to introduce the cognitive-behavioural theory, assessment, and treatment strategies for OCD, and to illustrate their use in the case of an individual with compulsive checking behaviours.