Search results for ‘Subject term:"personality disorders"’ Sort:
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Personality and comorbidity of common psychiatric disorders
- Authors:
- KHAN Amir, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 186(3), March 2005, pp.190-196.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
We know little about the degree to which comorbidity, so commonly seen among psychiatric disorders, arises from variation in normal personality. The authors aimed to study the degree to which variation in normal personality accounts for the comorbidity of 8 common psychiatric and substance use disorders. Internalising disorders (major depression, generalised anxiety and panic disorders, phobias), externalising disorders (alcohol and drug dependence, antisocial personality and conduct disorders) and personality dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion and novelty seeking were assessed in 7,588 participants from a population-based twin registry. The proportion of comorbidity explained by each personality dimension was calculated using structural equation modelling. Neuroticism accounted for the highest proportion of comorbidity within internalising disorders (20–45%) and between internalising and externalising disorders (19–88%). Variation in neuroticism and novelty seeking each accounted for a modest proportion (10–12% and 7–14%, respectively) of the comorbidity within externalising disorders. Extraversion contributed negligibly. High neuroticism appears to be a broad vulnerability factor for comorbid psychiatric disorders. Novelty seeking is modestly important for comorbid externalising disorders.
Psychopathy and affect consciousness in young criminal offenders
- Author:
- HOLMQVIST Rolf
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(2), February 2008, pp.209-224.
- Publisher:
- Sage
A key characteristic of psychopathy is the individual's problematic relation to certain affects, particularly shame. Previous research has studied relations between expressed shame and psychopathy. In this study, the author analyzes potential associations between psychopathy and consciousness of feelings (i.e., participants' ability to recognize and tolerate the feeling and describe how they believe it is expressed in their posture and verbal expressions). Psychopathy is assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version, and affect consciousness is assessed with a semi structured interview. Additionally, risk for criminal behaviour, moral reasoning, cognitive distortions, and attachment style in the participants was assessed. The participants are 47 adolescent boys who were treated at juvenile delinquency homes. The results indicate that boys with higher ratings of psychopathy had lower consciousness of shame feelings and lower empathy scores. The results in combination with qualitative analyses of the interview answers are interpreted as indicating that consciousness of shame is specifically problematic for psychopathic adolescents.
United in opposition
- Author:
- RADCLIFFE Mark
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 16.7.02, 2002, pp.22-23.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
Looks at what the government's new draft Mental Health Bill will mean for patients.
Hidden psychiatric morbidity in elderly prisoners
- Authors:
- FAZEL Seena, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, December 2001, pp.535-539.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This research examined the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in elderly sentenced prisoners. A sample of 203 male sentenced prisoners aged over 59 years, from 15 prisons in England and Wales was interviewed using semistructured standardised instruments for psychiatric illness and personality disorder. The prevalence of depressive illness was five times greater than that found in other studies of younger adult prisoners and elderly people in the community. Underdetected, undertreated depressive illness in elderly prisoners is an increasing public health problem.
Attachment and personality disorders: exploring maladaptive developmental pathways
- Author:
- PAGE Timothy F.
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 18(5), October 2001, pp.313-334.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Recent theorising and research from an attachment perspective has begun to trace linkages between attachment in childhood and the later appearance of personality disorders. This paper contributes to this work by identifying consistencies between descriptions of insecure attachment in childhood provided by Crittenden (1995, 1997a, 1997b) and descriptions of personality disorders provided by Millon (1996). Implications for clinical assessment and intervention are discussed. In particular, understanding of dimensional characteristics shared by attachment organization and personality disorders may shed light on the differential use of primarily cognitive-behavioral and primarily psychodynamic clinical interventions.
Factors associated with informant-rated personality problems in an elderly population
- Authors:
- JACOMB P.A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 4(1), February 2000, pp.36-42.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Using data collected over two waves, 3.6 years apart, this study examined dementia-related personality problems in a general population sample of Australian persons aged 70 years and older, including both those living in the community and those in residential care. Examines personality problem across a range of cognitive function, from those who were unimpaired to those with a diagnosis of dementia. Also looks at the association between the emergence of personality problems and other characteristics of the respondent (physical and mental health) and the informant (relationship to the respondent, mental health.
Anxiety, depression, and religiosity - a controlled clinical study
- Authors:
- PFEIFER Samuel, WAELTY Ursula
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Religion and Culture, 2(1), May 1999, pp.35-45.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Studies on religiosity and mental health have yielded mixed results. There are few studies in clinical settings, many of which are limited to an older population. This study had the goal of firstly exploring the interrelation of neuroticism and religiosity in clinically diagnosed patients in Switzerland compared with a group of healthy controls, and secondly, exploring differential aspects of positive or negative perceptions of religion in the individual. The findings support the clinical observation that the primary factor in explaining neurotic functioning in religious patients is not their personal religious commitment but their underlying psychopathology. Patients and healthy controls differ in the way they experience supportive and conflicting aspects of religiosity.
Deviant children grown up
- Author:
- WEST Donald
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 6(3), December 1995, pp.581-587.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
This follow-up, after 30 years, of a large sample of juvenile clients of a St Louis psychiatric clinic, together with a matched control group, showed that those treated for neurotic disorders generally achieved healthy adulthood. In contrast, juvenile conduct disorders and antisocial behaviour were often followed by adult disturbances mostly of a sociopathic type. The study has influenced concepts of persisting antisocial personality disorder, contributed to the development of diagnostic interviewing techniques and shown the importance of longitudinal surveys.
Child sexual abuse and mental health in adolescents and adults: British and Canadian perspectives
- Author:
- BAGLEY Christopher
- Publisher:
- Avebury
- Publication year:
- 1995
- Pagination:
- 238p.,tables,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Aldershot
Research study looking at children and young people whose long term mental health has been undermined by sexual abuse and exploitation, focusing in particular on Britain and Canada. Includes a chapter on sexual and physical child abuse and the development of dissociative personality traits or multiple personality disorder.
Small STEPPS: the provision of, and changes to, an emotional regulation group for women in a community mental health setting in the UK
- Authors:
- BUCKLAND Rosie, DESMIER Michelle
- Journal article citation:
- Groupwork, 27(3), 2017,
- Publisher:
- Whiting and Birch
STEPPS (Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving) is a manualised group programme aimed at supporting adults who experience difficulties with emotional regulation and who may meet the diagnostic criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) or Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (called Emotional Intensity Disorder within the course). It has been adapted for use in primary care and young people’s services, but its provision is relatively new in the UK and less widespread than that of DBT (Dialectical Behaviour Therapy) groups. Alongside a mental health nurse colleague, the authors facilitated a twenty week closed group based on the STEPPS programme, for 7 women, all of whom were on a Community Recovery Team caseload within secondary mental health services. Significant practice changes were made to the model however, arising from the authors own ideological positions in relation to BPD as a diagnosis and to some of the course material, practical constraints and our experiences with the group week by week and their specific needs. This study provides an account of study participants’ experiences with a view to supporting the provision of similar groups within mental health teams, particularly women’s groups. (Edited publisher abstract)