Search results for ‘Subject term:"personality disorders"’ Sort:
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The inclusion of antisocial behavior in the construct of psychopathy: a review of the research
- Author:
- ANDRADE Joel T.
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 13(4), August 2008, pp.328-335.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The psychopathic personality, or the construct of this disorder, has a long and contentious history. Psychopathy has been identified anecdotally for centuries; however, the ability to accurately define this construct continues to challenge researchers and clinicians. Of preliminary concern is the relevance of antisocial behaviour to this disorder. Theoretical conceptualizations of psychopathy have changed over the past 65 years. Some have stressed the interpersonal and affective deficits of psychopathy [Cleckley, H. (1941). The mask of sanity (1st ed.). St. Louis, MO:C.V. Mosby.], while later conceptualizations have included both personality traits as well as antisocial behaviour as criteria of psychopathy [Hare, R. D. (1991/2003). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist—Revised. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems]. This article will review the literature, particularly the relevance of antisocial behaviour to the core personality structure of the psychopath. In doing so, historical theories will be reviewed, followed by later theoretical and empirical research. A great deal of this research has been conducted over the past 15 years, since the publication of the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; [Hare, R. D. (1991/2003). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist—Revised. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems]). The PCL-R has provided the field of psychopathy research with a consistent measurement device, and, therefore will be discussed at length. The limitations of the psychopathy construct will be discussed as well as needed future research and the policy implications of such research.
Pharmacotherapy of personality disorders
- Authors:
- TREIBWASSER Joseph, SIEVER Larry J.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 16(1), February 2007, pp.5-50.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Personality disordered individuals, especially those with severe cluster B disorders, are prescribed psychotropic medications with greater frequency than almost any other diagnostic group. However, prescribing practices in this population often are based on hunches or anecdotal evidence rather than on rigorous or widely replicated data. The authors have attempted to provide comprehensive review of randomized trials of the pharmacotherapy of personality disorders. Pubmed searches using various combinations of the terms “pharmacotherapy”, “psychopharmacology”, “medication”, “personality disorder” and “Axis II.” Approximately 40 published randomized trials were found and summarized. The vast majority concern borderline personality disorder (BPD); these studies cover almost every known class of psychotropic medications. Most published BPD studies show efficacy for at least one target symptom, with some studies identifying multiple areas of drug response. Medications seem most useful in treating circumscribed symptom areas and to induce only partial improvements. Much work remains to be done in finding wholly effective pharmacological strategies for treating personality disorders. The development of rational pharmacotherapy will require increasing our knowledge of the neurobiological underpinnings of the disorders themselves and of their component dimensions.
Reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Swedish Youth Psychopathic Trait Inventory in a UK sample of conduct disordered boys
- Authors:
- DOLAN Maired, RENNIE Charlotte E.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology (The), 17(2), June 2006, pp.217-229.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The Swedish Youth Psychopathy Traits Inventory (YPI) is a newly developed self-report measure of psychopathy. Currently, there are no studies looking at the reliability, validity, and factor structure of this measure in conduct disordered adolescents in the UK. A sample of 115 male adolescents (mean age 16.22) with a range of conduct problems on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) completed the YPI. The YPI had reasonable internal consistency and the data supported a three-factor structure. The YPI showed the expected correlations with a variety of conduct problems and antisocial/offending behaviours. These findings are comparable with those found in the Swedish development sample. This work adds weight to the evidence base that the YPI may prove a useful adjunct to the assessment of complex personality traits associated with antisocial behaviour.
Reaching out to patients with antisocial personality disorder in substance use disorder treatment: interactions between counsellors and clients in a psycho-educational intervention
- Authors:
- HESSE Morten, THYLSTRUP Birgitte
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 9(2/3), 2016, pp.97-107.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the Impulsive Lifestyle Counseling (ILC) program, a time-limited psychoeducational approach to increasing patient awareness of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and its consequences. Design/methodology/approach: This paper describes the ILC program, a program developed as an add-on to treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs), gives examples of issues and patient-counsellor interactions in the ILC sessions. Findings: During the ILC sessions the patients engaged with the counsellors in diverse ways, reflecting the varying levels of psychopathology and overall functioning and barriers and incentive for lifestyle changes. Originality/value: Patients with SUD and comorbid ASPD can receive better care with brief counselling that focuses on antisocial behaviour and thinking. More diverse evidence-based treatments are needed for this disorder. (Edited publisher abstract)
Bad boys, bad men: confronting antisocial personality disorder
- Author:
- BLACK Donald W.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Publication year:
- 2000
- Pagination:
- 256p.
- Place of publication:
- New York
The author aims to explain antisocial personality disorder (ASP) and to discuss its intricate relationships with criminality and comorbid psychiatric disorders such as substance abuse and depression. Whether called black sheep, sociopaths, felons, conmen, or misfits, some men break all the rules. This book draws on case studies, scientific data, and current events to explore antisocial behaviour and to chart the history, nature, and treatment of this misunderstood disorder that effects up to seven million Americans. The author believes that ASP is not a myth but a very real problem that causes more pain to individuals and society than many commonly recognised psychiatric illnesses. He draws on new evidence from genetics, neuroscience and psychophysiologic research to support the notion that extreme cases of antisocial behaviour are tied to biologic causes and that some people are simply born bad. The disorder's impact spans every society and is linked to many social problems, including crime, domestic violence, drug abuse, and neglected children. The author argues that any attempt to counter these problems requires confronting ASP and that some of today's high-profile criminal cases may be rooted in the disorder. The book details the slow progress towards treatment for ASP, discusses the role of the criminal justice system in dealing with the disorder, and offers advice for individuals and families affected by it.
Early intervention in personality disorder: MST and other treatments for socially excluded high risk/high harm children and families: report of a conference held November 2007, London
- Authors:
- VIZARD Eileen, et al
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department of Health. Personality Disorder Programme
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 46p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This report, produced by Dr Eileen Vizard and colleagues from the NSPCC and UCL, is a comprehensive report of a seminar held in November 2007, which brought together national and international academics and practitioners in the field of childhood conduct disorders, prevention and treatment of antisocial behaviour and the emergence of anti-social personality disorder. The seminar was commissioned by the Department of Health as part of cross government work with Department for Children, Schools and Families, the Youth Justice Board and the Cabinet office, following the publication of The Social Exclusion Action Plan (2006) and the Care Matters White paper (2007). The focus of this work was to identify early those young people at risk of social exclusion and placement away from home because of conduct problems and complex family needs and to consider and further develop the evidence base for effective interventions with these young people and their families. The report provides a summary of the current evidence base in this area, a comprehensive account of the seminar proceedings and pointers for future action for practitioners, policy makers and researchers.
An evolutionary approach to understanding violence antisocial behavior: diagnostic implications for a dual-process etiology
- Author:
- FERGUSON Christopher J.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 8(4), 2008, pp.321-343.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia
This article proposes an evolutionary theory for understanding the etiology of violent antisocial behavior. From this approach, aggressive behavior is understood as an evolutionary adaptation that has provided a selective advantage for members of the human species that demonstrated this trait. Similarly, aggression control is also viewed as an adaptive trait. Antisocial behavior is described as aggressive behavior that is excessive or uncontrolled and results from either of two pathways. Instrumental antisocial behavior may arise from genetic contributions to aggressive personality traits whereas reactive antisocial behavior may result from damage or deficiencies in a biological “impulse control devise.” Supporting evidence from behavioral genetic and other genetic research is presented and discussed in the context of gene-environment interaction. Diagnostic implications of this approach suggest that risk prediction techniques that rely specifically on antisocial personality traits may miss a subgroup of potentially high-risk individuals who do not have antisocial personalities but who do have deficiencies in the impulse control device. Diagnostic recommendations for antisocial subgroups are provided.
Psychopathy traits in adolescents with childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Authors:
- FOWLER Tom, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 194(1), January 2009, pp.62-67.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are thought to be at higher risk of psychopathy. Early biological and social adversity may contribute to this risk. In a sample of children with ADHD who had reached adolescence, total psychopathy and ‘emotional-dysfunction’ scores (e.g. callousness, lack of affect) were assessed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Youth Version. A total of 156 (79%) eligible families participated. Total psychopathy and emotional-dysfunction scores were elevated in comparison to published UK norms but none scored in the clinical range for psychopathy. Adjusting for associated conduct problems, total psychopathy scores were associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, emotional-dysfunction scores were associated with birth complications, and neither was associated with family adversity. Children with ADHD show psychopathy traits but are not ‘psychopaths’. Early adversity, indexed by pre- or perinatal adversity but not family factors, appears to be associated.
Understanding the structure of the Psychopathy Checklist – Revised: an exploration of methodological confusion
- Authors:
- COOKE David J., MICHIE Christine, SKEEM Jennifer
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(Supplement 49), May 2007, pp.s39-s50.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Psychopathy is the key construct in the Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) Programme. The Psychopathy Checklist - Revised is used as a primary means of selection for the programme. The Checklist confounds two distinct constructs - personality disorder and criminal behaviour. This confound is important both practically and theoretically. For example, under the criteria for DSPD it is necessary to demonstrate that personality disorder has a functional link with future risk of criminal behaviour. The confound has been exacerbated recently by claims that criminal behaviour is a core feature of psychopathic disorder. This contention is based on inappropriate analytical methods. This paper examines the source of this confound and illustrate how inappropriate methods can mislead.
Personality disorders: borderline and antisocial: QS 88
- Author:
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE
- Publisher:
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 50
- Place of publication:
- London
This quality standard covers treatment and management of borderline and antisocial personality disorders. For borderline personality disorder, it applies to adults aged 18 and over and young people post puberty, for antisocial personality disorder, it only applies to adults aged 18 and over. Borderline and antisocial personality disorders are two distinctive conditions that affect people differently and have different care pathways. The diagnosis affects how the condition is managed and the interventions and services that are appropriate. The two disorders have been grouped into one quality standard to reflect similarity in approaches, not to imply that the two conditions are the same. Antisocial personality disorder can only be diagnosed in adults, whereas borderline personality disorder can also be diagnosed in young people post puberty. For borderline personality disorder, statements within this quality standard apply to young people post puberty as well as adults recognising that young people would be supported by age‑appropriate services (child and adolescent mental health services). The standard covers: structured clinical assessment; psychological therapies – borderline personality disorder; psychological therapies – antisocial personality disorder; pharmacological interventions; managing transitions; education and employment goals; staff supervision. (Edited publisher abstract)