Search results for ‘Subject term:"personality disorders"’ Sort:
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Personality disorder and intellectual disability: concept and prevalence
- Author:
- ANDERSEN Hilde Katrine
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(4), 2015, pp.163-173.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The range of prevalence of personality disorder (PD) found in people with intellectual disability (ID) has been reported as vast, and has included data from dissimilar settings. The purpose of this paper is to review the reported prevalence of PD in the general population of people with ID, and to consider how different and changing ideas about PD have affected these rates. Design/methodology/approach: Cross-sectional studies of the prevalence of PD in people with ID were identified. The quality of the studies was considered, along with how cases of PD were identified. Findings: Six studies were included. The reported prevalence of PD in people known to have ID ranged from 0.7 to 35 per cent. Possible reasons for this wide range included different views of PD and methods of assessment. Research limitations/implications: The wide range of findings suggests that methodological differences are significant. Consideration to how clinicians should respond to the overlap of impairment between ID and PD may improve the conceptual clarity of PD, informing future epidemiological research. Originality/value: This review was limited to studies of samples likely to be representative of the general ID population. The range of prevalence estimates was narrower than previously reported, and more likely to reflect the true prevalence rate of PD amongst people who have ID. Consideration was also given to how different ideas of PD led to different methods and may have contributed to variance in the results. (Publisher abstract)
Intellectual disability, personality disorder and offending: a systematic review
- Authors:
- RAYNER Kelly, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(2), 2015, pp.50-61.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This review seeks to systematically review studies where personality disorder has been explored as a descriptive or possible predictive factor in offending behaviour in people with an intellectual disability. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach A systematic search of several databases was conducted and 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Findings: Methodological limitations and problems in accurate diagnosis within this client group preclude firm conclusions being reached. Originality/value: It is concluded that further research should be conducted, with particular attention paid to the conceptualisation and assessment of personality disorder. (Publisher abstract)
Personality disorder and complex needs
- Authors:
- DURCAN Graham, SAUNDERS Anna
- Publisher:
- Centre for Mental Health
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 19
- Place of publication:
- London
This briefing paper is based on an examination of good or promising practices in services for people at each stage of the criminal justice system across England. It describes the key features of those services and then distils the core components of effective support for people with personality disorder in or around the justice system. Finally, the paper sets out some keys to effective engagement from the insights gained from the good practice sites. Two-thirds of prisoners and about half of people under probation supervision are estimated to have personality disorder traits, yet only a small proportion get any support. The paper commends the national Offender Personality Disorder Strategy which is extending support to more people in prison and outside whose personality disorders are linked to their offending. This has led to the creation of psychologically informed physical environments (PIPEs) in prisons, where staff have received training in working with people with a personality disorder, where treatments are offered and where relationships between staff and prisoners are key to success. The briefing paper calls on health and criminal justice services to work together to ensure effective interventions are offered at every stage of the criminal justice system to all offenders with a personality disorder. (Edited publisher abstract)
Narratives of experts by experience: the impact of delivering training in partnership on the subject of personality disorder
- Authors:
- COOKE Samantha, DAICHES Anna, HICKEY Emma
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice, 10(4), 2015, pp.234-244.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: As part of an attitudinal shift surrounding personality disorder stigma, a training package termed the Knowledge and Understanding Framework (KUF) is delivered in collaboration between experts by experience (EBE) and professionals. The purpose of this paper is to explore the narratives of EBE delivering KUF; in particular the impact of this role and its varying contexts. Design/methodology/approach: Eight women took part in the study and a narrative analysis explored their stories. Findings: The analysis suggested five temporal chapters: first, life before becoming involved: “Like being in a milk bottle screaming”; second, a turning point: “It wasn’t actually me that was disordered it was the life that I’d had”; third, taking up the trainer role: “It all just […] took off”; fourth, the emergence of a professional identity: “I am no longer a service user”; and fifth, impact on self, impact on others. Originality/value: The use of qualitative literature is sparse within co-production research. The study therefore adds value in exploring in-depth experiences of the phenomena. (Publisher abstract)
The influence of personality disorder on outcome in adolescent self-harm
- Authors:
- AYODEJI Eunice, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 207(4), 2015, pp.313-319.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate personality disorder in repeated self-harm in adolescence and its impact on self-harm psychopathology and adaptation outcomes over 1 year. Method: A clinical referral sample (n = 366) of adolescents presenting with repeated self-harm aged 12–17 years, as part of a randomised controlled trial (Assessment of Treatment in Suicidal Teenagers study, ASSIST). Personality disorder was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II (SCID-II). One-year outcomes included frequency and severity of repeat self-harm, self-reported suicidality, mood and functional impairment. Results: About 60% of the referred adolescents showed one or more forms of personality disorder. Personality disorder was associated with significantly greater severity of self-harm, overall psychopathology and impairment. There was a complex association with treatment adherence. Personality disorder predicted worse 1-year outcomes in relation to self-harm frequency and severity, as well as impairment, suicidality and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Personality disorder can be reliably measured in adolescence and showed high prevalence in this clinical self-harm sample. Controlling for other variables, it showed a strong independent association with self-harm severity at referral and predicted adherence to treatment and clinical outcomes (independent of treatment) over 1 year. Consideration of personality disorder diagnosis is indicated in the assessment and management of adolescents who repeatedly self-harm. (Edited publisher abstract)
Translator disclaimer Increasing knowledge of personality disorders in detained women with an intellectual disability
- Authors:
- MORRIS Deborah, GRAY Nathalie
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 6(1), 2015, pp.23-33.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the evaluation of the “Living with a Personality Disorder” group (Morris, 2011a). This intervention is a psycho-education group for women with an intellectual disability (ID) and a personality disorder (PD). It draws on psycho-education, biosocial theory (Linehan, 1993) and compassionate mind approaches (Gilbert, 2009). It aims to increase knowledge of personality, PDs, to increase awareness of the “non-disordered” parts of self and to increase knowledge of psychological treatments for PD’s. Design/methodology/approach: The intervention was delivered to women detained in a specialist women’s learning disability forensic service. It was delivered over 12 group and two individual sessions. The Knowledge of Personality Disorders Questionnaire (D’Silva and Duggan, 2002), the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment scale (McConnaughy et al., 1983) and a series of Likert scale questions and statements were used to assess the utility of the intervention. The intervention was piloted between 2012 and 2014 in a series of small groups. The lead facilitator for each intervention was a registered psychologist with training in dialectical behaviour therapy. Findings: Completing the intervention resulted in an increase in knowledge of PDs, treatments, increased self-compassion and therapeutic optimism and awareness of the limitations of a PD diagnosis. Originality/value: A new intervention that may increase knowledge of PDs, of personal strengths and increase optimism about change that may be a useful component to the treatment for service users with PDs and an ID. (Publisher abstract)
Relationships among depressive, passive-aggressive, sadistic and self-defeating personality disorder features with suicidal ideation and reasons for living among older adults
- Authors:
- SEGAL Daniel L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 19(12), 2015, pp.1071-1077.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Suicide among older adults is a major public health problem in the USA. In the authors' recent study, relationships between the 10 standard DSM-5 personality disorders (PDs) and suicidal ideation were studied, and they found that the PD dimensions explained a majority (55%) of the variance in suicidal ideation. To extend this line of research, the purpose of the present follow-up study was to explore relationships between the four PDs that previously were included in prior versions of the DSM (depressive, passive-aggressive, sadistic, and self-defeating) with suicidal ideation and reasons for living. (Edited publisher abstract)
Body-related emotions in posttraumatic stress disorder following childhood sexual abuse
- Authors:
- DYER Anne S., FELDMANN Robert E., BORGMANN Elisabeth
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24(6), 2015, pp.627-640.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Traumatic experiences are associated with emotions such as anxiety, shame, guilt, disgust, and anger. For patients who have experienced child sexual abuse, these emotions might be triggered by perceptions of their own body. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of the association of the body to traumatic experiences and to discern the emotions linked to trauma-associated body areas. Ninety-seven female participants were assigned to four groups: post-traumatic stress disorder following child sexual abuse with co-occurring borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder following child sexual abuse without co-occurring borderline personality disorder, borderline personality disorder without post-traumatic stress disorder, and healthy controls. Participants rated 26 body areas regarding their association with trauma and 7 emotions. Emotions were assessed by questionnaires. Results suggest that specific areas of the body are associated with trauma and linked to highly aversive emotions. In post-traumatic stress disorder patients, the areas associated with highly negative emotions were the pubic region and inner thighs. Thus, the patient’s body may act as a trigger for traumatic memories. (Publisher abstract)
Personality disorders: borderline and antisocial: QS 88
- Author:
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE
- Publisher:
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 50
- Place of publication:
- London
This quality standard covers treatment and management of borderline and antisocial personality disorders. For borderline personality disorder, it applies to adults aged 18 and over and young people post puberty, for antisocial personality disorder, it only applies to adults aged 18 and over. Borderline and antisocial personality disorders are two distinctive conditions that affect people differently and have different care pathways. The diagnosis affects how the condition is managed and the interventions and services that are appropriate. The two disorders have been grouped into one quality standard to reflect similarity in approaches, not to imply that the two conditions are the same. Antisocial personality disorder can only be diagnosed in adults, whereas borderline personality disorder can also be diagnosed in young people post puberty. For borderline personality disorder, statements within this quality standard apply to young people post puberty as well as adults recognising that young people would be supported by age‑appropriate services (child and adolescent mental health services). The standard covers: structured clinical assessment; psychological therapies – borderline personality disorder; psychological therapies – antisocial personality disorder; pharmacological interventions; managing transitions; education and employment goals; staff supervision. (Edited publisher abstract)
Child maltreatment and adult psychopathology in an Irish context
- Author:
- FITZHENRY Mark
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 45, 2015, pp.101-107.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
One-hundred-ninety-nine adult mental health service users were interviewed with a protocol that included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interviews for Axis I and II DSM-IV disorders, the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, the SCORE family assessment measure, the Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule, and the Readiness for Psychotherapy Index. Compared to a U.S. normative sample, Irish clinical cases had higher levels of maltreatment. Cases with comorbid axis I and II disorders reported more child maltreatment than those with axis I disorders only. There was no association between types of CM and types of psychopathology. Current family adjustment and service needs (but not global functioning and motivation for psychotherapy) were correlated with a CM history. It was concluded that child maltreatment may contribute to the development of adult psychopathology, and higher levels of trauma are associated with co-morbid personality disorder, greater service needs and poorer family adjustment. A history of child maltreatment should routinely be determined when assessing adult mental health service users, especially those with personality disorders and where appropriate evidence-based psychotherapy which addresses childhood trauma should be offered (Publisher abstract)