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The relationship between women’s work histories and incomes in later life in the UK, US and West Germany
- Authors:
- SEFTON Tom, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of European Social Policy, 21(1), February 2011, pp.20-36.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This study examines the relationship between employment history and the personal income of older women in the UK, US and West Germany. It compares three countries with different welfare and pension systems, and aims to achieve a better understanding of the interaction between the life course, pension system and women’s incomes in later life. The study draws on data from longitudinal surveys, and includes 1,418 samples from the UK, 1,127 from the US and 2,270 from Germany. Findings reveal that the association between older women’s incomes and employment history is strongest in West Germany and weakest in the UK, where there is evidence of a pensions poverty trap and where only predominantly full-time employment is associated with significantly higher incomes in later life. Employment history matters less for widows in all three countries and more for recent birth cohorts and more educated women in the UK only. In ending, the paper discusses the adequacy of the treatment of women under different pension systems.
Domestic abuse and older women: exploring the opportunities for service development and care delivery
- Authors:
- McGARRY Julie, SIMPSON Christine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adult Protection, 13(6), 2011, pp.294-301.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The aim of this study was to explore older women's experiences of domestic abuse and its impact on their health and lives. Information for the qualitative research was collected during in-depth interviews with 16 women aged 63 to 79 years, identified through a counselling service and local media, who had experienced domestic abuse. The transcribed interviews were analysed to identify emerging themes. This article reports on the findings, with examples from the interviews, covering: impact of domestic abuse on the lives and physical and mental health of older women, potential barriers to reporting domestic abuse, and service provision for older women. The authors note that for older women there are additional challenges in accessing services and receiving appropriate support, and discuss the findings, existing policy, and the implications for service development.
Baby-boomers and the ‘denaturalisation’ of care-giving in Quebec
- Authors:
- GUBERMAN Nancy, LAVOIE Jean-Pierre, OLAZABAL Ignace
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 31(7), October 2011, pp.1141-1158.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study aimed to understand how modern post-war families interact with old, ill, or disabled family members. Participants included 40 female carers from Montreal, Canada, who were interviewed to discuss their identification with their social generation, their relationship to care-giving, their values regarding care-giving, and the reality of the care-giving they offer. Findings revealed that women no longer identified themselves mainly in terms of family. For most, care-giving was not their only dominant identity – they actively tried to maintain multiple identities, such as worker, wife, mother, friend and social activist, as well as carer. They are also participating in the process of individualisation, leading to the ‘denaturalisation’ of caring. Also, the women called themselves ‘care-givers’ and not simply wives, daughters or mothers, denoting that the work of care-giving no longer falls within the realm of ‘normal’ family responsibilities. The authors concluded that these carers had set limits to their caring commitments, while still adhering to norms of family responsibility for care-giving. Implications for practice are discussed.
Older women and intimate partner violence: effective interventions
- Authors:
- TETTERTON Summer, FARNSWORTH Elizabeth
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(14), September 2011, pp.2929-2942.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The authors suggest that women above the age of 60 who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) have specific needs different from those of younger victims. The article begins by reviewing the literature around; the dynamics of IPV in older women, screening and safety planning, and coping with IPV. The authors highlight the importance of professionals considering the generational values held by older IPV victims and understanding how those values may affect decision making. Integrating safety planning and risk assessment into the counselling process is considered vital. Older IPV victims may seek counselling for posttraumatic stress or depressive symptoms as a result of the abuse, while others may seek help for reasons unrelated to IPV. The assessment process must encompass these possibilities. It is considered essential that helping professionals also have an understanding of available community resources, as well as barriers that these clients face as they take steps toward recovery from trauma. Two case studies and research notes are analysed in depth to illustrate effective interventions with older women who have experienced IPV. The work was exploratory in nature with the goal of adding to practitioners’ knowledge about IPV and effective interventions.
Recruitment and retention strategies among older African American women enrolled in an exercise study at a PACE program
- Authors:
- SULLIVAN-MARX Eileen M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 51(S1), June 2011, pp.S73-S81.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
PACE (Program for All-Inclusive Care of Elders) is a US model of care for older people. The aim of this study was to examine the use of specific recruitment and retention strategies in a study evaluating outcomes of an exercise programme for older African American women with functional impairments who were members of a PACE, through which they were eligible for nursing home level of care while living at home in the community with family or other support. The strategies focused on partnership between researchers and participants, partnership between researchers and clinicians, overcoming administrative issues, and reducing burden on clinicians and participants. The exercise protocol consisted of strength and endurance activity 2 to 3 times a week for 16 weeks. The article reports on recruitment and retention methods used and the results of the study, including characteristics of completers and non-completers of the exercise programme and satisfaction outcomes. The project enrolled 52 women and 37 (71.2%) of them completed the exercise programme. The authors discuss the challenges of engaging frail older adult adults in exercise as a life habit and the need for a systematic team approach that includes rigorous processes and evaluation.
Sexual assault of older women by strangers
- Authors:
- LEA Susan J., HUNT Laura, SHAW Steve
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(11), July 2011, pp.2303-2320.
- Publisher:
- Sage
In general, people do not identify older people as being of risk from rape and sexual assault, and so this issue has been neglected both in the academic literature and in health and social care practice. The aim of this study was to examine victim, offender, and offence characteristics associated with sexual assaults by strangers of older women compared to those against younger women. The study used secondary data obtained from the Serious Crime Analysis Section of the United Kingdom National Policing Improvement Agency (NPIA). All possible cases of rape, attempted rape, and lesser sexual assault involving a single female victim aged 60 or older were selected. A total of 53 suitable cases were identified. These were matched with a sample of 53 sexual assaults against women aged between 20 to 45 years. The findings reveal significant differences in relation to a number of variables, including: the ethnicity of the offender; number of previous convictions of the offender; and characteristics associated with the assault itself. No differences were found in the age of offenders assaulting younger and older victims. Implications for further research are discussed.
The impact of domestic abuse for older women: a review of the literature
- Authors:
- McGARRY Julie, SIMPSON Chris, HINCHLIFF-SMITH Kathryn
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 19(1), January 2011, pp.3-14.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The UK has an ageing population, and emerging national policy initiatives are beginning to recognise domestic abuse as an issue for older women. As such, it is fundamental that health and social care professionals are able to both identify domestic abuse and understand the particular experiences and needs of older women affected by domestic abuse. This literature review aimed to: provide a comprehensive summary of the impact of domestic abuse for older women particularly within the context of health; to explore the particular barriers to recognition and reporting abuse; and to highlight the particular gaps in our knowledge and understanding from a policy and care provision perspective. Overall findings showed that, while research in this area may be scarce, the work that has been undertaken to date would suggest that domestic abuse is both a significant and an under-recognised phenomenon with a wide-ranging impact on the lives and health of older women. Findings also suggest that older women’s experiences of domestic abuse are distinctly different from those in younger age groups and that these differences have not been adequately acknowledged.
Body work in health and social care: critical themes, new agendas
- Editors:
- TWIGG Julia, et al
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 182p.
- Place of publication:
- Chichester
Body work is paid work undertaken on the bodies of others. This book explores the multiple ways in which body work features in health and social care and analyses the meanings of this work for both those employed to do it and those on whose bodies they work. The editors bring together contributions from scholars in the field, drawing on perspectives from across the medical, therapeutic, and care fields. The writers use a variety of approaches, from life history analysis to ethnographic studies and first person accounts. Chapters include: conceptualising body work in health and social care; time, space and touch at work: body work and labour process (re)organisation; managing the body work of home care; the means of correct training: embodied regulation in training for body work among mothers; from body-talk to body-stories: body work in complementary and alternative medicine; educating with the hands: working on the body⁄self in Alexander Technique; the body work of sexual therapy; actions speak louder than words: the embodiment of trust by healthcare professionals in gynae-oncology; body work in respiratory physiological examinations; in a moment of mismatch: overseas doctors’ adjustments in new hospital environments; the co-marking of aged bodies and migrant bodies: migrant workers’ contribution to geriatric medicine in the UK; and body work and the sociological tradition.
Between remembering and forgetting: the experience of forgiveness among older abused women
- Authors:
- BAND-WINTERSTEIN Tova, EISIKOVITS Zvi, KOREN Chaya
- Journal article citation:
- Qualitative Social Work, 10(4), December 2011, pp.451-466.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This study explores the experience of ‘forgiveness’ of older abused women in Northern Israel throughout a life in intimate partner violence. In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 older abused Jewish women, aged 60 to 80 years. The interviews were analysed around two domains: one related to the need to explore who forgives whom; the other to various ways of forgiving, starting from not forgetting and not forgiving, moving through forgiveness experienced as burden, the struggle between forgetting and remembering as an obstacle to forgiveness at the same time, remembering without verbalising violence, ‘giving in’, and ending with forgiving and not forgetting. The discussion deals with the ways forgiveness enables the bridging between suffering, survival, and strength resulting from wisdom of age. In ending, the authors discuss the meaning of being an older abused woman and what forgiveness means to them.
Helping older widows rebuild their lives
- Authors:
- BARROS Colleen, MOUNTAIN Lee
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life and Palliative Care, 7(2-3), April 2011, pp.115-120.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia
The role of hospice support groups in working with older widows is discussed in this article. The article is based on the experience and approach of one particular group, and includes a brief description of the group and how it operated, the questions it used to help older widows clarify their thinking about what kind of future they hope to build, and examples from participants. It covers getting through the acute stage of grief, taking care of necessary business, trying to rebuild a meaningful life, making new friends, filling lonely hours, developing a new frame of mind, and offering ongoing hospice help.