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Ageism as a risk factor for chronic disease
- Author:
- ALLEN Julie Ober
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 56(4), 2016, pp.610-614.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Ageism is one of the most socially condoned and institutionalised forms of prejudice in the United States. Older adults are discriminated against in employment, health care, and other domains. Exposure to unfavourable stereotypes adversely affects the attitudes, cognitions, and behaviour of older adults. Recurrent experiences with negative stereotypes combined with discrimination may make ageism a chronic stressor in the lives of older adults. The way stress influences physical health is gaining increasing support. The weathering hypothesis (Geronimus, A. T. (1992). The weathering hypothesis and the health of African-American women and infants: evidence and speculations. Ethnicity and Disease, 2, 207–221) posits that the cumulative effects of chronic objective and subjective stressors and high-effort coping cause deterioration of the body, premature ageing, and associated health problems such as chronic diseases. Researchers have found empirical support for the weathering hypothesis as well as its theorised contribution to racial and ethnic health disparities. Although ageism is not experienced over the entire life course, as racism typically is, repeated exposure to chronic stressors associated with age stereotypes and discrimination may increase the risk of chronic disease, mortality, and other adverse health outcomes. I conclude with implications for practice in the helping professions and recommendations for future research. Ageism warrants greater recognition, social condemnation, and scientific study as a possible social determinant of chronic disease. (Edited publisher abstract)