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Family caregiving today: what we have learned from 35 years of research and where do we go from here?
- Author:
- ZARIT Steven H.
- Journal article citation:
- Generations Review, 17(1), January 2007, Online only
- Publisher:
- British Society of Gerontology
The author draws on research to discuss: the social context of caregiving; the stress process in caregiving; and promising strategies for intervention research.
Burnout: current knowledge and relevance to old age psychiatry
- Author:
- BENBOW Susan M.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13(8), August 1998, pp.520-526.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Reviews the literature on burnout and considers its relevance to old age psychiatry and the role of the consultant. Found that there is little evidence of unique stressors related to care of elderly mentally ill people. Burnout is likely to be modified by workplace interventions. Relevant areas for intervention are political and social, organisational and management, training and personal issues. Calls for support to consultants and their continuing professional development to be radically reviewed.
Effectiveness of the validation method in work satisfaction and motivation of nursing home care professionals: a literature review
- Authors:
- SANCHEZ-MARTINEZ Ivan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 2021, Online only
- Publisher:
- Molecular Diversity Preservation International and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
The purpose of this study was to carry out a literature review on the effectiveness of the validation method (VM) in job satisfaction and motivation of care professionals working with older people in nursing homes. The review was carried out in specialised databases: Scopus, PsychINFO, PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, Scielo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 9046 results were obtained, out of which a total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria: five quantitative, four qualitative, one single case series, two quasi-experimental and two mixed methods studies. The results of the analysed studies report that the VM can be an effective tool that facilitates communication and interaction in care, reducing levels of stress and job dissatisfaction among care professionals. The VM facilitates communication between professionals and older people with dementia, and improves the management of complex situations that may arise in care, directly influencing a reduction in work stress and increasing job satisfaction. (Edited publisher abstract)
Utilising carer related research and knowledge: a scoping review and information resource. Research findings
- Authors:
- LARKIN Mary, MILNE Alisoun, HENWOOD Melanie
- Publisher:
- NIHR School for Social Care Research
- Publication year:
- 2019
- Pagination:
- 5
- Place of publication:
- London
A summary of key findings from a scoping review on carers and caring. The review carried out searches between June and December 2016, retrieving a total of 3,434 references. The resources were classified into four categories: the impact of care; carer variables - the characteristics and features of different types of carer and caring situations; Type of care - the nature of needs of the cared for person, and the features of the care situation; and Support and carers. Key findings include that: caring is extremely diverse and involves all sections and age groups of the population; although there are similarities in the experiences of carers, all caring is unique; and that knowledge about groups of 'hard to-reach' carers remains relatively poor and there are deficits in relation to BAME carers and LGBT groups. The report also outlines the implications of these findings for policy, practice and research. (Edited publisher abstract)
Buddhism-as-a-meaning-system for coping with late-life stress: a conceptual framework
- Author:
- XU Jianbin
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 22(1), 2018, pp.100-108.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: Religion is increasingly conceptualised as a meaning system for adjustment and coping. Most of the conceptualisations are grounded in the Judeo-Christian tradition. They may thus not be applicable to Buddhism, which provides a distinct tenor of meaning for coping. This article seeks to construct a conceptual framework of Buddhism-as-a-meaning-system for coping with late-life stress. Method: Literature review and conceptualisation were employed. Results: Under this framework, Buddhism functions as a meaning system involving existential meaning, cognitive meaning, and behavioural meaning. Conclusion: There is reason to believe that this framework promises to offer a holistic conceptual map of Buddhist coping in late life. Thus, it could serve as a guide for further empirical and theoretical exploration in the uncharted terrains of Buddhist coping in old age. In addition, gerontological practitioners could use this framework as a frame of reference when working with elderly Buddhist clients who are in stressful circumstances. (Publisher abstract)
Informal caregiving and its impact on health: a reappraisal from population-based studies
- Authors:
- ROTH David L., FREDMAN Lisa, HALEY William E.
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 55(2), 2015, pp.309-319.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This article aims to re-examine some of the existing evidence on the health effects of caregiving, focusing in particular on one commonly cited claim that family caregiving is associated with an increased risk for mortality. The authors discuss important methodological concerns on the definition of caregiving, the composition of different caregiving subgroups, the sampling of caregivers, and the sampling and recruitment of appropriate noncaregiving comparison groups. A landmark study by Schulz and Beach reported higher mortality rates for strained spouse caregivers. However, five subsequent population-based studies found reduced mortality and extended longevity for caregivers as a whole compared with noncaregiving controls. Most caregivers also report benefits from caregiving, and many report little or no caregiving-related strain. The article stresses the importance of achieving more balanced and updated portrayal of the health effects of caregiving is needed to encourage more persons to take on caregiving roles, and to better target evidence-based services to the subgroup of caregivers who are highly strained or otherwise at risk. Recommendations are discussed for research that will better integrate and clarify both the negative and potential positive health effects of informal caregiving. (Edited publisher abstract)
Factors associated with and impact of burnout in nursing and residential home care workers for the elderly
- Authors:
- HARRAD R., SULLA F.
- Journal article citation:
- Acta BioMedica, 89(7S), 2018, pp.60-69.
- Publisher:
- Mattioli 1885
- Place of publication:
- Italy
Background and aim of the work: Numbers of elderly people worldwide continue to grow. Increasingly these individuals require nursing and residential care to meet their needs. Nursing is an occupation associated with burnout amongst its workforce, associated with increases of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and decreases in personal accomplishment. This review of literature provides a more detailed picture of the associations and predictors of burnout within this setting, and also considers the implications this holds for patient care, before providing recommendations for managers of such settings. Methods: Literature searches were conducted across a range of academic databases with a series of relevant keywords. Results: Examination of search results suggested several factors relating to staff burnout including occupational aspects, types of setting, staff perceptions, coping strategies, education and training and the impact of burnout on care delivery. Conclusions: Studies from across the globe suggest that burnout is prevalent amongst staff working in nursing and residential homes caring for elderly people, with implications for the patients, staff and homecare providers. Factors associated with burnout appear to include perceptions of job stress and occupational aspects, as well as the types of coping mechanisms staff employ. Managing grief associated with death of patients at work, as well as staff perceptions of both clients and their illnesses also appear related to burnout as well as the specific type of healthcare setting. (Edited publisher abstract)
A pilot randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction for caregivers of family members with dementia
- Authors:
- BROWN Kirk Warren, COOGLE Constance L., WEGELIN Jacob
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 20(11), 2016, pp.1157-1166.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: The majority of care for those with Alzheimer's disease and other age-related dementias is provided in the home by family members. To date, there is no consistently effective intervention for reducing the significant stress burden of many family caregivers. The present pilot randomised controlled trial tested the efficacy of an adapted, eight-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programme, relative to a near structurally equivalent, standard social support (SS) control condition for reducing caregiver stress and enhancing the care giver–recipient relationship. Method: Thirty-eight family caregivers were randomised to MBSR or SS, with measures of diurnal salivary cortisol, and perceived stress, mental health, experiential avoidance, caregiver burden, and relationship quality collected pre- and post-intervention and at three-month follow-up. Results: MBSR participants reported significantly lower levels of perceived stress and mood disturbance at post-intervention relative to SS participants. At three-month follow-up, participants in both treatment conditions reported improvements on several psychosocial outcomes. At follow-up, there were no condition differences on these outcomes, nor did MBSR and SS participants differ in diurnal cortisol response change over the course of the study. Conclusion: Both MBSR and SS showed stress reduction effects, and MBSR showed no sustained neuroendocrine and psychosocial advantages over SS. The lack of treatment condition differences could be attributable to active ingredients in both interventions, and to population-specific and design factors. (Edited publisher abstract)
Trauma and stress among older adults in the criminal justice system: a review of the literature with implications for social work
- Authors:
- MASCHI Tina, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 54(4), May 2011, pp.390-424.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Older adults are the fastest growing sector of the prison population. Older adults in the criminal justice system often have more physical health problems than those in the community, especially chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. Unaddressed trauma and stress among aging prisoners may have significant consequences on their physical and mental health. The purpose of this article was to review the research literature that investigated trauma and stress among older adults in the criminal justice system. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify empirical studies published between 1988 and 2010 examining trauma or life stressors in adults aged 50 and older in the criminal justice system. A total of 19 articles were identified. These included 11 studies using mixed age samples of adjudicated older and younger adults and 8 studies using older adult only samples. The article discusses the findings in the areas of: history of traumatic and stressful experiences; consequences and correlates of traumatic and stressful experiences; and coping resources as a protective factor. The implications and future directions for gerontological social work, research, and policy with older adults in the criminal justice system are discussed.
Ethnic differences in stressors, resources, and psychological outcomes of family caregiving: a meta-analysis
- Authors:
- PINQUART Martin, SORENSEN Silvia
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 45(1), February 2005, pp.90-106.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The authors investigated ethnic differences in caregiver background variables, objective stressors, filial obligations beliefs, psychological and social resources, coping processes, and psychological and physical health. They used a meta-analysis to integrate the results of 116 empirical studies. Ethnic minority caregivers had a lower socioeconomic status, were younger, were less likely to be a spouse, and more likely to receive informal support. They provided more care than White caregivers and had stronger filial obligations beliefs than White caregivers. Asian-American caregivers, but not African-American and Hispanic caregivers, used less formal support than non-Hispanic White caregivers. Whereas African-American caregivers had lower levels of caregiver burden and depression than White caregivers, it was found that Hispanic and Asian-American caregivers were more depressed than their White non-Hispanic peers. However, all groups of ethnic minority caregivers reported worse physical health than Whites. Observed ethnic differences in burden and depression were influenced by study characteristics, such as the type of illness of the care recipient and the representativeness of the sample. The results suggest that more specific theories are needed to explain differential effects of ethnic minority groups of caregivers. Intervention needs vary, in part, between ethnic groups of caregivers.