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Live-in versus live-out home care in Israel: satisfaction with services and caregivers’ outcomes
- Authors:
- AYALON Liat, GREEN Ohad
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 55(4), 2015, pp.628-642.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Purpose: This study provides a preliminary examination of the relationship between the type of home care services (live-in vs. live-out; i.e., round the clock vs. several hours per week), the caregiver’s satisfaction with services, and the caregiver’s burden, distress, well-being, and subjective health status within a conceptual framework of caregiving outcomes. Design and Methods: A random stratified sample of family caregivers of older adults more than the age of 70 who receive live-in (442) or live-out (244) home care services through the financial assistance of the National Insurance institute of Israel was selected. A path analysis was conducted. Results: Satisfaction with services was higher among caregivers under the live-in home care arrangement and positively related to well-being. Among caregivers, live-in home care was directly associated with higher levels of subjective health and indirectly associated with better well-being via satisfaction with services. Implications: The study emphasises the potential benefits of live-in home care services for caregivers of older adults who suffer from high levels of impairment and the importance of assessing satisfaction with services as a predictor of caregivers’ outcomes. (Edited publisher abstract)
A triadic perspective on elder neglect within the home care arrangement
- Author:
- AYALON Liat
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 36(4), 2016, pp.811-836.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The present study evaluates a conceptual model of elder neglect within the home care arrangement that takes into consideration the older adult, his or her family members, and the home care worker. Data from 223 complete care-giving units, which consist of an older adult, a family member and a home care worker, were analysed using structural equation modelling. Overall, 31.5 per cent of the older adults, 18 per cent of the care workers and 32.3 per cent of the family members reported at least one type of elder neglect. The proposed model showed a reasonable fit to the data. There was an inverse effect from type of home care to family member's burden and elder neglect, with live-in (around the clock) care being associated with lower levels of family member burden and elder neglect compared with live-out Israeli home care (provided for several hours per week). The amount of informal assistance provided by family members was inversely related to the amount of burden reported by home care workers, with greater informal assistance being associated with lower levels of worker burden. The findings call for the important role of formal home care by demonstrating a potentially protective effect for live-in migrant home care. The study also emphasises the shared burden between formal and informal sources of care. (Publisher abstract)
Using mixed methods to evaluate the use of a caregiver strain measure to assess outcomes of a caregiver support program for caregivers of older adults
- Authors:
- HYUCK Magaret Hellie, AYALON Liat, YODER Judy
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(2), February 2007, pp.160-165.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Many assessment tools have been developed for evaluating caregiving programs, but the majority are too cumbersome for ongoing use. This study reports on a brief assessment tool used to monitor strain among family members caring for an impaired elder. Participants were enrolled in the SeniorCare program, a program funded by the Administration on Aging to provide care to family caregivers. The Caregiver Risk Screen (CRS) is a 12-item measure of strain, initially developed as part of an in-home assessment procedure. Its utility for use in practice settings over time was assessed using both quantitative and qualitative methodology. Chronbach alpha levels for the CRS were 0.85 at intake and 0.84 at first follow-up. At the first follow-up, the overall index score and five of the 12 items showed statistically significant lessened strain. In subsequent follow-up evaluations, the average improvements were maintained but there was no additional decrease in strain. Individual variations in changes over time were identified by combining quantitative and qualitative information. Themes that emerged in qualitative data served to modify the measure for future use. The brief Caregiver Risk Screen tool appears to be a reliable and valid tool for use in practice settings. It is acceptable to clients and professional staff. Modifications have been made that may further enhance the suitability of this measure for other settings.