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Using discrete choice experiments to understand preferences for quality of life. Variance-scale heterogeneity matters
- Authors:
- FLYNN Terry Nicholas, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 70(12), June 2010, pp.1957-1965.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Health services researchers are increasingly using discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to model a latent variable, be it health, health-related quality of life or utility. Unfortunately it is not widely recognised that failure to model variance heterogeneity correctly leads to bias in the point estimates. This paper compares variance heterogeneity latent class models with traditional multinomial logistic (MNL) regression models. Using the ICECAP-O quality of life instrument which was designed to provide a set of preference-based general quality of life tariffs for the UK population aged 65+, it demonstrates that there is both mean and variance heterogeneity in preferences for quality of life, which covariate-adjusted MNL is incapable of separating. Two policy-relevant mean groups were found: one group that particularly disliked impairments to independence was dominated by females living alone (typically widows). Males who live alone (often widowers) did not display a preference for independence, but instead showed a strong aversion to social isolation, as did older people (of either sex) who lived with a spouse. Approximately 6–10% of respondents can be classified into a third group that often misunderstood the task. Having a qualification of any type and higher quality of life was associated with smaller random component variances. This illustrates how better understanding of random utility theory enables richer inferences to be drawn from discrete choice experiments.
Subnational patterns of population ageing
- Author:
- BLAKE Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- Population Trends, 136, Summer 2009, pp.43-63.
- Publisher:
- Office for National Statistics
This article explores change in population age structure at the Local Authority (LA) level for the whole of the UK between 1997 and 2017, focusing on change in the older population. It includes case studies exploring the changes in age structure in the three local authorities of Brighton and Hove, Tower Hamlets and Coleraine.
Estimates of the number of older people with a visual impairment in the UK
- Author:
- CHARLES Nigel
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Visual Impairment, 25(3), September 2007, pp.199-215.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article considers two key studies that have made it possible to produce estimates of the size of the older visually impaired population in the UK. It concludes that there are between about 1.6m and 2.2m people aged 65 years and over in the UK with visual acuity ranging from mild to serious levels of visual impairment. About half of visually impaired older people fall into the category of mild vision impairment (6/12 — 6/18). The other half has a moderate to severe visual impairment (VA < 6/18). Women aged 65 years and over with moderate or severe visual impairment outnumber visually impaired men by nearly three to one. Of those aged 75 years and over with moderate to severe visual impairment, about half of them have cataracts or refractive error, many of whom could have treatment or intervention which would considerably improve their vision. There are also an estimated 300,000 people aged 75 years and over in the UK with registerable eye conditions.
Older workers: statistical information booklet: quarter two 2007
- Author:
- GREAT BRITAIN. Department for Work and Pensions
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Work and Pensions
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 23p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Baseline year – 1997 for lone parents, the over-50s and the lowest qualified; 1998 for people with disabilities and ethnic minority people. The employment rates for all these groups were lower than the national employment rate. Between 1997 and 2006, there has been a rise in the employment rates of the over-50s from 64.7 per cent to 70.9 per cent and of lone parents from 45.3 per cent to 56.6 per cent. The employment rate for the lowest qualified has fallen from 51.7 per cent in 1997 to 49.4 per cent in 2006.
The demographic characteristics of the oldest old in the United Kingdom
- Author:
- TOMASSINI Cecilia
- Journal article citation:
- Population Trends, 120, Summer 2005, pp.15-22.
- Publisher:
- Office for National Statistics
Those aged 85 and over are the fastest growing age group in the population of many developed countries. This article draws together demographic characteristics of people aged 85 and over from various different national data sources to provided and up-to-date picture of the oldest old.
Privatisation by default?: old age homes in Britain and France
- Authors:
- ESTRIN Saul, PEROTIN Virginie
- Publisher:
- London School of Economics. Suntory Toyota Centre for Economics and Related Disc
- Publication year:
- 1988
- Pagination:
- 22p., tables, bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
Examines the growth in private residential care for elderly people in the UK and provides statistics from France by comparison.
Re-thinking social exclusion in later life: a case for a new framework for measurement
- Authors:
- MacLEOD Catherine A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 39(1), 2019, pp.74-111.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Social exclusion is a dynamic multi-dimensional process that is interactive in nature. The complex interplay between domains, whereby each domain can act as a determinant, indicator and/or outcome of social exclusion, hinders understanding of the process and the mechanisms through which social exclusion exists. This article highlights the need to disentangle these pathways and move beyond descriptive accounts of social exclusion, presenting a new working framework that allows direct hypothesis testing of these between-domain relationships. Whilst this working framework can be applied to any population, this article focuses on older adults. Life events that can drive social exclusion such as bereavement and changes in health are more likely to occur in later life, and occur more frequently, increasing the risk of social exclusion for this population. Rooted in the new working framework, this article presents the construction of later life social exclusion measures for use with Understanding Society – the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study. The validity of these measures are considered by examining the characteristics of those aged 65 years and over who score the highest, and therefore experience the greatest level of exclusion. This new working framework and developed social exclusion measures provide a platform from which to explore the complex relationships between domains of social exclusion and ultimately provide a clearer understanding of this intricate multi-dimensional process. (Publisher abstract)
The rich picture on older people with cancer
- Author:
- MACMILLAN CANCER SUPPORT
- Publisher:
- Macmillan Cancer Support
- Publication year:
- 2012
- Pagination:
- 68p.
- Place of publication:
- London
The ‘Rich Pictures’ are evidence-based summaries of the numbers, needs and experiences of different groupings within the 2 million people living with cancer in the UK. They contain a range of evidence and insight including how many people are within the group, what their survival rates are, and what their typical needs and experiences are. This document provides information on older people living with cancer. The greatest risk factor for cancer is age, and over 60% of everyone living with cancer is aged 65 years and over. Around 1.3 million (13%) people aged 65 years and over are living with or beyond cancer. The document summarises what is known about the needs and experiences of older people at different stages of the cancer journey (diagnosis, treatment, survivorship, and progressive illness and end of life), and also what is known about their lifestyle and perceptions. It considers 4 types of needs: physical and medical needs; financial needs; practical and information needs; and emotional and psychological needs.
The distributional impact of reforms to disability benefits for older people in the UK
- Authors:
- HANCOCK Ruth, PUDNEY Stephen
- Publisher:
- University of Essex. Institute for Social and Economic Research
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 26p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Colchester
The UK Attendance Allowance (AA) and Disability Living Allowance (DLA) are non means-tested benefits paid to many disabled people aged 65 and over. They may also increase entitlements to means-tested benefits through the Severe Disability Premium (SDP). This report investigates proposed reforms involving the withdrawal of AA and DLA. It uses data from the Family Resources Survey to simulate the losses which current AA and DLA recipients would incur if AA and DLA were curtailed. It also considers the extent to which these losses could be mitigated if the SDP were to be retained or increased. It examines how average losses vary across the income distribution using different definitions of income and investigates the impact of potential reforms on the proportion of older people with incomes below various thresholds. The report finds that the abolition of AA and DLA would have a large impact on the poorer parts of the older population. Retaining or increasing the SDP within means-tested benefits could mitigate these losses to some extent. The report also shows the importance of the method of describing distributional impacts and that use of inappropriate income definitions in official reports has overstated recipients’ capacity to absorb the loss of these benefits.
Care of elderly people: UK market survey 2009
- Author:
- LAING AND BUISSON
- Publisher:
- Laing and Buisson
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 214p.
- Place of publication:
- London
- Edition:
- 22nd ed.
The market report presents a fully revised and updated analysis of trends in the long term care sector in the UK. The contents of the report is organised in the following sections: the impact of demographic change; market size and trends; government policy and regulation; the structure of the care home industry; demand and supply; customer profiles, services and amenities; sources of finance and fees, costs and profits. Statistical tables and charts are included throughout.