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Estimates of the number of older people with a visual impairment in the UK
- Author:
- CHARLES Nigel
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Visual Impairment, 25(3), September 2007, pp.199-215.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article considers two key studies that have made it possible to produce estimates of the size of the older visually impaired population in the UK. It concludes that there are between about 1.6m and 2.2m people aged 65 years and over in the UK with visual acuity ranging from mild to serious levels of visual impairment. About half of visually impaired older people fall into the category of mild vision impairment (6/12 — 6/18). The other half has a moderate to severe visual impairment (VA < 6/18). Women aged 65 years and over with moderate or severe visual impairment outnumber visually impaired men by nearly three to one. Of those aged 75 years and over with moderate to severe visual impairment, about half of them have cataracts or refractive error, many of whom could have treatment or intervention which would considerably improve their vision. There are also an estimated 300,000 people aged 75 years and over in the UK with registerable eye conditions.
After age 60 India: a glimpse through census and NSSO
- Authors:
- SINGH D.P., YESUDIAN Princy
- Journal article citation:
- Indian Journal of Social Work, 68(4), October 2007, pp.545-560.
- Publisher:
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences
As a means of helping the planning and policy makers to provide for the need of older people in India, this paper analyses the findings of the decennial Census of India and a National Sample Survey Organisations. The figures are discussed in relation to the ageing trend, spatial distribution of the elderly, socioeconomic and health profile.
Trends in suicide by drowning in the elderly in England and Wales 1979-2001
- Author:
- SALIB Emad
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(2), February 2005, pp.175-181.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Suicide by drowning increases with age but its rates vary between countries and among communities. Drowning suicide rates in some of the available studies may have been over reported or under reported because of misclassification. This study presents data on the time trends, age/sex mortality rates from death by drowning in the elderly in England and Wales between 1979 and 2001. All coroners' verdicts in death by drowning; suicide, deaths undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted were examined. Counts of suicide due to drowning and submersion [ICD 9 codes; E954] and undetermined injury deaths [E984] (WHO, 1977), reported in England and Wales between 1979 and 2001 were obtained from National Statistics (ONS). There has been a gradual reduction in suicide by drowning in men and women by more than a third the observed count in 1979 (p < 0.01). However, this decline was less evident in the elderly particularly those over the age of 75. Elderly drownings appear to attract more verdicts of suicide compared to younger age groups (Odds Ratio 4.3 95% CI 2.3-8.3). Women, particularly elderly, are more likely to have a suicide verdict returned in drowning compared to men (Odds Ratio 1.5 95% CI 1.1-1.6). The high rate of open verdicts in elderly drowning over the study period and compared to any other method of fatal self harm in England and Wales confirms the difficulties in reaching a firm conclusion in drowning death. Therefore combining suicide and all undetermined deaths in drowning as a matter of course, in nationally collected statistics, may result in grossly exaggerated rates and misleading trends in suicidal drowning. Suicide by drowning is probably not amenable to prevention and although the elderly are often thought to benefit more from suicide prevention than younger adults, the study findings seem to suggest that this is not likely to be the case in drowning.
The probability of nursing home use over a lifetime in Australia
- Author:
- LIU Zhibin
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Social Welfare, 9(3), July 2000, pp.169-180.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article further develops the life table models used in the USA by taking advantage of the superior data available in Australia. The probabilities of nursing home use over a lifetime are estimated for various ages for men and women. The results show that over one-third of the members of a female birth cohort will eventually enter nursing homes for long-term care at least once. The corresponding probability for males is one in five. A woman at age 65 faces a probability as high as 39% of using a nursing home for permanent care before her death compared with 25% for a man at age 65.
Ethnic minorities in Great Britain: age and gender structure
- Author:
- OWEN David
- Publisher:
- University of Warwick. Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations
- Publication year:
- 1993
- Pagination:
- 15p.,tables.
- Place of publication:
- Coventry
Contains data on: gender structure, 1991; age structure, 1991; age and gender, 1991; population change, 1981-91; and regional variations in age and gender within black and minority ethnic populations, 1981 and 1991.
POPPI (Projecting Older People Population Information)
- Publisher:
- Oxford Brookes University. Institute of Public Care
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
An information system providing access to projections of the numbers, characteristics and care needs of people over 65 in England at national, regional and council level. Population data is available by age band, gender, ethnic group, religion, tenure, transport, living with no central heating, household growth and by state pension for English local authorities. Calculations are also applied to population figures to estimate projected numbers of older people by; those living alone, living in care home, receiving unpaid care, their ability to carry out domestic tasks and self care. Developed by the Institute of Public Care (IPC), the site is intended for use by local authority planners and commissioners of social care provision in England, together with providers and supporting organisation. Registration is required to access the data on the site. Registration is open to all those working in the public care sector.
Future sight loss (1): the economic impact of partial sight loss in the UK adult population: full report
- Author:
- ACCESS ECONOMICS
- Publisher:
- Royal National Institute for the Blind
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 202p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
This report by Access Economics was commissioned by the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) to estimate the economic impact of partial sight and blindness in the UK adult population. Five leading causes of partial sight and blindness were investigated, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and refractive error. The report comprises the following estimates: prevalence in the UK by age, gender, ethnicity, severity, major region and major cause in 2008, and future projections by decade to 2050; direct health system costs in the UK adult population, disaggregated by cost components for 2008; indirect costs in the UK adult population, disaggregated by cost components for 2008; the burden of disease measured in terms of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in the UK adult population, disaggregated by years of life lost due to premature death (YLL) and healthy years of life lost due to disability (YLD), and converted into a reasonable monetary equivalent; projection of health care system costs and indirect costs for 2009 to 2013; a comparison with Australia, US, Canada and Japan; and economic impact of four hypothetical eye care programs, including promotion of the prevention of eye injuries, improved access to integrated low vision and rehabilitation services, increased regular eye tests for those aged 60 years or more, and increased access to eye care services for minority ethnic groups. The results indicate that partial sight and blindness in the adult population places a large economic cost on the UK, totalling £22.0 billion in 2008.
Prevalence, incidence, and persistence of major depressive symptoms in the Cardiovascular Health Study
- Authors:
- THIELKE Stephen M., DIEHR Paula, UNUTZER Jurgen
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 14(2), March 2010, pp.168-176.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This paper explores the association of major depressive symptoms with advancing age, sex, and self-rated health among older adults. The study analysed 10 years of annual assessments in a longitudinal cohort of 5888 Medicare recipients in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Self-rated health was assessed with a single question, and subjects categorised as healthy or sick. Major depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale, with subjects categorised as nondepressed or depressed. Age-, sex-, and health-specific prevalence of depression and the probabilities of transition between depressed and nondepressed states were estimated. The results showed that the prevalence of a major depressive state was higher in women, and increased with advancing age. The probability of becoming depressed increased with advancing age among the healthy but not the sick. Women showed a greater probability than men of becoming depressed, regardless of health status. Major depressive symptoms persisted over 1-year intervals in about 60% of the healthy and 75% of the sick, with little difference between men and women. The article concludes that clinically significant depressive symptoms occur commonly in older adults, especially women, increase with advancing age, are associated with poor self-rated health, and are largely intransigent. In order to limit the deleterious consequences of depression among older adults, increased attention to prevention, screening, and treatment is warranted.
Gender in elderly suicide: analysis of coroners inquests of 200 cases of elderly suicide in Cheshire 1989-2001
- Authors:
- SALIB Emad, GREEN Laura
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(12), December 2003, pp.1082-1087.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim of this study is to review gender differences in elderly suicide in relation to specific social aspects of the suicidal process and health care contact before death. Such information may have practical value in identifying and targeting vulnerable elderly in whom suicide may be potentially preventable. Data were extracted from the records of coroner's inquests into all reported suicide of persons aged 60 and over, in Cheshire over a period of 13 years 1989-2001. The Coroner's office covers the whole county of Cheshire (population 1 000 000). Men were less likely to have been known to psychiatric services (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.4 95% 0.2-0.6) and with less frequently reported history of previous attempted suicide compared to women (OR 0.5 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] 0.2-1). All deceased from ethnic minorities were men, none of whom had been known to psychiatric services. There was no significant difference between women and men in relation to, physical or psychiatric morbidity, GP contact prior to suicide, intimation of intent or living alone. Of suicide victims not known to services a surprisingly high proportion of 38% and 16% were found to have psychiatric morbidity in men and women respectively.
Mortality of people with intellectual disability in northern Sydney
- Author:
- BAKER Wesley
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 27(4), December 2002, pp.255-264.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
A population-derived cohort of 693 people with intellectual disability in the Lower North Shore (LNS) area of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia was followed from 1989 to 1999 to determine mortality rates, the demographics of the deceased, and causes of death. The general population of LNS was used for comparison. Age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates were higher than those in the LNS population. The main cause of death was respiratory disease, followed by external causes and cancer. Of those who had died, the greatest proportion were functioning in the severe to profound range of intellectual disability, and half were living in institutional care. Public health resources and services need to be directed to this vulnerable population in order to address the excess mortality.