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From subsidiarity to ‘free choice’: child- and elder-care policy reforms in France, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands
- Author:
- MOREL Nathalie
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Administration, 41(6), December 2007, pp.618-637.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article analyses the patterns of reform in care policies in Bismarckian welfare systems since the early 1980s. Based on a comparison of France, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, the article shows that these reforms share similar logics and trajectories, which can be explained by the shared conservative and corporatist traits of Bismarckian labour markets and welfare state institutions and their impact on labour market adjustment possibilities and preferences. Indeed, we argue that care policy reforms have been very closely linked to specific employment strategies, and the politics of welfare without work and subsequent attempts to shift away from such a labour-shedding strategy go a long way in explaining both the nature and the timing of child- and elder-care policy reforms in Bismarckian welfare systems. The article also shows how a focus on promoting ‘free choice’ in all four countries has justified the introduction of measures that have simultaneously reinforced social stratification in terms of access to the labour market – meaning that some women have much more ‘free choice’ than others – and weakened certain labour market rigidities. To conclude, we argue that care policy reforms have provided a backdoor for the introduction of labour-cheapening measures and for increasing employment flexibility in otherwise very rigid labour markets.
Family obligations and support behaviour: a United States - Netherlands comparison
- Authors:
- COONEY Teresa M., DYKSTRA Pearl A.
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 31(6), August 2011, pp.1026-1050.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
In this article, the authors examine family responsibilities and support in 2 countries with different social welfare policy regimes, focusing on middle-generation adults who have both a living aged parent and adult offspring. The study draws on national datasets from the United States (the National Survey of Families and Households) and the Netherlands (the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study). The article discusses family obligations and family support behaviour and policy context, and presents and discusses the data analysis and comparison of key variables. It reports that the study found that Americans reported stronger feelings of obligation to support ageing parents and adult offspring than Dutch respondents, but that Dutch respondents are more likely to engage in family support behaviours with both younger and older generations. The authors conclude that Dutch respondents are more likely to act on their individual preferences whereas American respondents are more influenced by general norms of obligation towards family members, and discuss the findings in terms of social policy differences between the 2 countries.
Dependency care in the EU: a comparative analysis
- Author:
- KAMETTE Florence
- Publisher:
- Fondation Robert Schuman
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 9p.
- Place of publication:
- Paris
The ageing population together with the collapse of family solidarity means that managing old age dependency is a problem common to all European countries. In France, reform of the ‘personalised autonomy allowance’ (APA) currently being paid to the dependent elderly is under debate. This policy paper analyses the way that 6 European Member States address the problem of old age dependency to provide an illustration of various possible solutions. These 6 countries, Germany, England, Denmark, Spain, Italy and the Netherlands have been selected because their social protection systems are inspired differently and offer more or less generous types of cover. Germany and Spain have introduced specific, all-encompassing measures to manage dependency, unlike Denmark where local social security payments have gradually developed to cope with the requirements of an ageing population. England, Italy and the Netherlands distinguish between care and other services which are required by increasingly dependent people, the former depend on the healthcare system and the latter are provided for by the local authorities.
A comparative analysis of personalisation: balancing an ethic of care with user empowerment
- Author:
- RUMMERY Kirstein
- Journal article citation:
- Ethics and Social Welfare, 5(2), June 2011, pp.138-152.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Abingdon
Modern developments in care and support delivery for disabled and older people have led to the expansion of personalisation schemes, where money is paid in substitute for care and support. Although the schemes have been evaluated within their own national contexts, little work has been done so far to explore the theoretical implications of their development and extension, particularly from an ethics of care perspective. This paper fills that gap by drawing on comparative evidence from several schemes across different nations to develop an analysis which draws on feminist theory and an ethics of care approach to examine: the gendered policy outcomes and impact of such schemes; a feminist analysis of the governance implications of personalisation; the implications for the gendered division of work, particularly between paid and unpaid care work and between different groups of paid and unpaid carers; an ethics of care analysis of the impact of personalisation over the lifecourse of disabled and older people, and carers; and a discussion of the relationship between commodification, empowerment, citizenship and choice drawing on the work of care ethicists.
Minority elderly care in Europe: country profiles
- Editors:
- PATEL Naina, (ed.)
- Publisher:
- Policy Research Institute on Ageing and Ethnicity
- Publication year:
- 2003
- Pagination:
- 232p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Researchers in ten countries (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland and the UK) examine 27 minority groups over a three-year period, looking at social and welfare structures, health, employment and living conditions. This project is the first venture to begin compiling information on minority elders on such a scale. While the experiences of each country are distinct, there are undoubtedly similarities that can be drawn in terms of poor access to housing, lower paid employment and a worse state of health. The project involves minority groups who came from former colonial possessions in the post-war period and those who have arrived more recently, fleeing war and dispossession. It also examines the provision of groups who have known no other homeland yet are endemically discriminated against, such as the Roma.
Social care in Europe
- Editors:
- MUNDAY Brian, ELY Peter
- Publisher:
- Prentice Hall
- Publication year:
- 1996
- Pagination:
- 247p.,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- London
Collection of articles looking at the contexts for, and the outcomes of, the diversity of social care provision by the member states of the European Union. The book first addresses how we define social care in Europe and looks at the differences between member states. Goes on to look in more detail at the context for social care provision and the constitutional framework provided by the European Union itself. Further chapters cover Europe's mixed economy of welfare and provide detailed analysis of the impact of social care provision on 3 key clients groups: children and families, disabled people and older people.
European social work curriculum material: a guide to EC literature and organisations
- Authors:
- GAMPELL Lucy, POTTER William, MUNDAY Brian
- Publisher:
- University of Kent. European Institute of Social Services
- Publication year:
- 1993
- Pagination:
- 180p.
- Place of publication:
- Canterbury
Bibliography focusing on documents from the 12 EC member states relating to: social welfare policy; general social work policy and practice; and specific areas of social services client-based work. It does not include items on: poverty; social security; homelessness; travellers; and migrants.
The European directory of older age: information and organisations concerned with older people in the 12 EC member states
- Editor:
- CROSBY Gillian
- Publisher:
- Centre for Policy on Ageing
- Publication year:
- 1993
- Pagination:
- 445p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Who cares: an overview of the Dutch systems of health care and welfare
- Authors:
- EWIJK Hans van, KELDER Tessa
- Publisher:
- Netherlands Institute of Care and Welfare
- Publication year:
- 1999
- Pagination:
- 79p.,list of orgs.,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- Utrecht
Includes chapters on: general information about the Netherlands; care and welfare; health care and public health; and social issues, financing structure and trends.