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An international comparison of long-term care funding and outcomes: insights for the social care green paper
- Author:
- INCISIVE HEALTH
- Publisher:
- Incisive Health
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 49
- Place of publication:
- London
This report, commissioned by Age UK, highlights different approaches to long-term care taken by five countries in the developed world, and looks at how they compare to the system in England. These five countries have very different systems, but face similar demographic and financial challenges to those in England. The countries are France, Germany, Spain, Italy and Japan. The report compares the approaches in relation to: service structures, funding levels, funding models, and outcomes. The findings suggest that creating a sustainable social care system fit for a rapidly ageing population is a challenge in every one of these countries. However, it finds that the financial deal for citizens with care needs is often more generous in other countries in comparison to England, with other nations generally either providing some non-means tested basic level of support, and/or cap the amount of co-payment to be made, and/or use a more gradual means-test. Profiles for each of the five countries are also included. (Edited publisher abstract)
Paying for social care: an independent report commissioned by the Welsh Government
- Author:
- HOLTHAM Gerald
- Publisher:
- Wales. Welsh Government
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 62
- Place of publication:
- Cardiff
This report considers the economic case for a system of enhanced social insurance to help fund social care costs for older people in Wales. It considers four issues: whether any tax or levy on incomes should be hypothecated to social care rather than being part of general revenue; whether tax payments for social care be part of a contributory scheme where a record of payments is necessary to enjoy some of the benefits; how could the system ensure intergenerational fairness; and whether the scheme would work better on the pay-as-you-go principle whereby revenues go immediately to support care or should it be funded, whereby revenues go into a fund that is invested to meet future care need. The report concludes that a funded contributory scheme could provide a viable solution to the problem of funding social care with a flat rate tax increase of 2 per cent. It suggests that the smallest tax increase at which the funded scheme makes sense if rates are not dependent on age cohort is 1.5 per cent. The report will inform the work of an inter-Ministerial group on social care in Wales, chaired by the Minister for Children, Older People and Social Care. (Edited publisher abstract)
No easy options: exploring the options for reforming social care funding and eligibility
- Authors:
- PETRIE Kathryn, KEOHANE Nigel
- Publisher:
- Social Market Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 48
- Place of publication:
- London
This report explores four options for social care reform in order to protect people from the high costs that can be associated with long-term care and the measures that could be implemented to raise more money for care. It considers four levels of protection the government could provide to protect those who need social care from high costs: free personal care, increasing the level of asset threshold to £100,000, capping the cost of care, and introducing a cap alongside an increase in asset threshold to £100,000. It estimates that the cost of these policies would range from saving the government money to costing £7bn in 2020/21. The eight suggested options to raise additional funds for the reform of social care are: a one-off charge on a person’s 65th birthday, inheritance tax increase; age related levy; National Insurance increase; introduce National Insurance payments for those above state pension age; Income tax increase, council tax increase, and corporation tax increase. For each option the report analyses how the policy measure compares across five distributional dimensions including wealth, income and region. The report recommends levying a one-off “payment at 65” on those with household assets of more than £150,000 per adult. It calculates that a charge of £30,000 would raise enough to fund free personal care in England in 2020/21. (Edited publisher abstract)
Living in the future: the implications for a longer life
- Author:
- KHAMBHAITA Priya
- Publisher:
- Pensions Policy Institute
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 47
- Place of publication:
- London
Increasing life expectancy means that the possibility of living a 100-year life is becoming a reality for an increasing number of people. This report focuses on four different areas of life, how they relate to wellbeing, and looks at the changes people need to make to their thinking and life choices to respond to this increase in longevity. It is the first of two reports produced as part of project to explore what pensions and retirement might look like in the future in terms of wellbeing and wider social, economic and demographic trends and projections. It looks at four broad areas: work and skills; health and social care; the family and social networks; and housing. Areas discussed include: extending working lives and self-employment in later life; family support and gaps in provision of care; flexibility, choice, and personalisation in care; multi-stakeholder approaches to improve access to information and advice around the costs of health and social care; maintaining personal and professional connections; increasing importance of digital inclusion as technology provides new way to connect with friends and family; growing population of people ageing without children; incorporating knowledge on the way people use their homes to connect with others to inform their design; and the integration of health and social care with housing policy. The report suggests there will be a major shift from a traditional, three stage life (education, employment and retirement) to a multi-stage life. It also highlights five key components to living a productive and fulfilling life up to the age of 100 and beyond – resilience – in relation to employment and personal finance; agility – the ability to move into new roles; health; financial capability; and flexibility- an openenness connect and interact with people new ways. (Edited publisher abstract)
Working for everyone: addressing barriers and inequalities in the extended working lives agenda
- Authors:
- HOLLEY-MOORE George, HOCHLAF Dean
- Publisher:
- International Longevity Centre UK
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 36
- Place of publication:
- London
Due to increased longevity and demographic pressures, it is recognised that more of the population need to be working until later in their lives to ensure economic sustainability, both for themselves and for government finances. This report presents research from the renEWL, a research consortium based at University College London, on extending working lives beyond the age of 50. It looks at how working conditions, health problems and informal caring responsibilities affect workforce participation. For each of these areas, the report discusses the policy context, summarises research published by renEWL, and looks at how the results interlink and the implications for public policy. The findings show that inequality is prominent throughout many areas of the extending working lives agenda and that events earlier in life can be associated with employment status around retirement age. It also shows that the ability to work into later life is not just about physical health, but that mental health, working conditions and psychosocial factors play a part. The research shows that for the extending working lives agenda to be a success, policies must not only focus on employment, but take a holistic approach which incorporates physical and psychological health, growing care needs and socio-economic disparity. It also highlights the shared responsibility of government, business and individuals in addressing the barriers which prevent many people from experiencing employment in later life. (Edited publisher abstract)