Search results for ‘Subject term:"older people"’ Sort:
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Screening for elder mistreatment in a dental clinic population
- Authors:
- RUSSELL Stefanie L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 24(4), 2012, pp.326-339.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Many cases of elder mistreatment are unrecognised and go unreported. Active screening of elders in community clinics, such as dental clinics, is likely to uncover previously undiagnosed cases of elder mistreatment. The purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility and utility of screening for elder mistreatment in a dental clinic population. The study participants were a convenience sample of 138 older adults over the age of 65 recruited from the New York University Dental School care clinics. All participants had a paid or unpaid carer for at least 2 hours a week. The participants were administered a series of questions on a touch computer screen using the Audio Computer Assisted Self Interviewing (ACASI) system, which included the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (HS-EAST). Overall, 48.4% of the participants scored 3 or greater on the HS-EAST, and 28.3% scored 4 or greater. The findings suggest that there is an opportunity to screen in busy dental clinics and to facilitate early detection for those patients who screen positive for elder mistreatment.
Seniors' self-administration of the Elder Abuse Suspicion Index (EASI): a feasibility study
- Authors:
- YAFFE Mark J., WEISS Deborah, LITHWICK Maxine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 24(4), 2012, pp.277-292.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Physician involvement in identifying or reporting elder abuse appears to be low. As part of a research programme to improve the detection of elder abuse, the authors had previously developed and validated a 6-question Elder Abuse Suspicion Index (EASI) that can be asked quickly by family physicians of cognitively intact seniors in their offices. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of using a modified version of EASI as a self-administered tool completed by older people during waiting times in physicians’ waiting rooms. The self-administrable version of the EASI (EASI-sa) was completed by a convenience sample of 210 cognitively intact older people aged 65 years and over. The findings were stratified by age, sex, and language (English and French). All completed the EASI-sa within an estimated 5 minutes, 82.9% within 2 minutes. Completion time decreased with higher education, but was not affected by age, sex, language, or measured physical or mental health. No questions went unanswered; no words were poorly understood or discomforting. The process of considering the EASI-sa questions also appeared to be associated with a significantly increased understanding about how elder abuse may present.
Detection scales for the risk of domestic abuse and self-negligent behavior in elderly persons (EDMA)
- Authors:
- TOUZA Carmen, PRADO Carmen, SEGURA Mari P.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 24(4), 2012, pp.312-325.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This research formed part of a project aiming to develop a useful tool for social services professionals to enable them to identify elderly individuals who are suffering domestic abuse or present self-neglectful behaviour. The developed instrument, the EDMA, consists of 2 scales: the Elder Scale; and the Alleged Abuser Scale. The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study carried out to determine the psychometric properties of the EDMA. The study involved the participation of 46 professionals from Social Services in Majorca, Spain. The professionals selected participants whom they knew well in order to sort them into 3 subgroups: appropriate treatment; inappropriate treatment; and abuse. The EDMA Elder scale was completed for 278 elders (90 in the appropriate treatment group, 76 in the inappropriate treatment group, and 112 in the abuse group) and the EDMA Alleged Abuser Scale was completed for 229 individuals. The findings in terms of the reliability and validity of the instrument are discussed, and the instrument and its test results are compared with other established instruments. The results indicate that the EDMA could be used to detect situations of risk of domestic abuse and self-neglectful behaviour.
Development of a delirium risk screening tool for long-term care facilities
- Authors:
- McCUSKER Jane, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(10), October 2012, pp.999-1007.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Delirium is a frequent and serious problem in long-term care (LTC) and post acute care facilities. The aim of this study was to develop a brief risk screening tool that would facilitate the targeting of interventions to high risk patients in LTC. The study involved residents aged 65 years and over, without delirium at baseline, living in seven LTC facilities in Montreal and Quebec City. Incident delirium was diagnosed using multiple data sources during the 6-month follow-up. Six risk factors were evaluated: sociodemographic, medical, cognitive status, physical function, agitated behaviour, and symptoms of depression. Among the cohort of 206 residents there were 69 cases of incident delirium (rate 7.6 per 100 person weeks). The best-performing screening tool comprised five items, with an overall area under the curve of 0.82. These items included brief measures of cognitive status, physical function, behavioural, and emotional problems. Using cut-points of 2 (or 3) over 5, the scale had a sensitivity of 90% (63%), specificity of 59% (85%), and positive predictive value of 52% (66%). The authors conclude that this brief screening tool allows nurses to identify LTC residents at increased risk for delirium.
Screening for elder abuse in hospitalized older adults with dementia
- Authors:
- PISANI Leslie D., WALSH Christine A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 24(3), 2012, pp.195-215.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Research has shown that individuals with dementia are more likely to be victims of elder abuse. While the opportunity to screen hospitalised older adults with psychiatric issues related to dementia for elder abuse could facilitate prevention, questions remain about the efficacy of screening practices within this population. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of the need to screen for abuse when inpatients have dementia, provide clinicians with a literature review to support their choice of an appropriate screen for their setting, encourage administrative support for its adoption and successful implementation, and assist in the education of other professionals involved in prevention or treatment of elder abuse. The review findings suggest that, for clinician completion, the Elder Assessment Instrument and the Brief Abuse Screens for the Elderly are recommended. For the older adult, the brief Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test is suitable. The Modified Conflict Tactics Scale, which can be used by both the older adult and the nonprofessional caregiver, has many of the recommended characteristics. The article concludes that research is necessary in the application of these screens within hospitals to detect elder abuse within this specialised population.
An evaluation study of a dementia screening program in Taiwan: an application of the theory of planned behaviors
- Authors:
- YANG Pei-Shan, TANG John Sai-Hung, CHEN Chun-Yu
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 55(7), October 2012, pp.626-640.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
A common global challenge facing dementia service providers is how to detect dementia early to facilitate timely intervention. This paper reports findings of an evaluation study of a dementia-screening programme in Taiwan using the Theory of Planned Behaviours. It first presents the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) programme rationale, and then examines the effects of this important health and social service intervention. Follow-up telephone interviews were completed by 108 respondents. Findings indicate that the SPMSQ programme was overall successful in identifying suspected dementia. Results also show that the dementia-screening programme contributed to an increase in medical service utilisation and in unpaid informal care. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Subjective memory complaints in general practice predicts future dementia: a 4-year follow-up study
- Authors:
- WALDORFF Frans Boch, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(11), November 2012, pp.1180-1188.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
While many older patients have memory complaints (SMC), not all share this information with their GP. The association between SMC and future cognitive decline or dementia is not clear. This study determined the risk for receiving a subsequent hospital-based dementia diagnosis on the basis of patients' reports of SMC in a primary care setting. A total of 40,865 patients were listed with 24 GPs working in the inner district of Copenhagen municipality, Denmark, and 2,934 were 65 years or older. A total of 758 non-nursing home residents aged 65 years and older consulted their GP in October and November 2002, and, when asked, 24% reported memory problems, and 6.6% received a hospital-based dementia diagnosis within the 4-years follow-up. This study indicates that the presence of SMC in an older general practice population is a significant independent predictor for subsequent hospital-based dementia diagnosis. The authors concluded that the GP should inquire about memory complaints to identify vulnerable patients.
Development and validation of the short form of the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool (BCAT-SF)
- Authors:
- MANSBACH William E., MACDOUGALL Elizabeth E.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 16(8), November 2012, pp.1065-1071.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Many of the screening tools now available to assess cognitive functioning are considered to require too much time to administer. This article describes the development and validation of a short form of the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool (BCAT), the BCAT-SF. It presents a comparison of the evidence for the reliability and validity of the scores from the original and short forms of the BCAT. One hundred four older adults referred for neuropsychological evaluation participated in a study. To ensure content validity, the six items selected represented the cognitive domains of contextual memory, executive functioning, and attention. Psychometric analyses confirmed strong evidence of reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity. The BCAT-SF differentiated between mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Furthermore, the BCAT-SF predicted instrumental and basic activities of daily living. The BCAT-SF can be administered in three to four minutes, is easily administered, and is cost-effective. In addition, preliminary evidence finds the BCAT-SF to be psychometrically robust.
Online memory screening - are older adults interested and can it work?
- Authors:
- YOUNG J., ANSTEY K.J., CHERBUIN N.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 16(7), September 2012, pp.931-937.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Memory concerns are common in older people and may prompt the use of web-based cognitive screening. This study examined potential user's attitudes and motivations regarding online cognitive screening and evaluated the preliminary evidence for the feasibility and validity of two subjective online cognitive measures. The sample consisted of community-based older adults, 30 with, and 30 without, memory concerns. Participants' performance on objective pen and paper measures of cognition was compared to performance on subjective online screening measures. The majority of participants indicated they would access online cognitive screening. All participants were able to use the online tools without assistance. None of the online measures was positively associated with the pen and paper screening measures. Anxiety and depression were significantly associated with subjective memory concerns. This study provided no supporting evidence for the validity of either subjective online screening measure assessed. Anxiety and depression were significantly associated with subjective cognition, indicating that, although they may not predict objective cognition, complaints about memory in older adults should be taken seriously by health professionals.
Cancer screening barriers for community-based older Hispanics and Caucasians
- Authors:
- MARAMALDI Peter, CADET Tamara J., MENON Usha
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 55(6), August 2012, pp.537-559.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Although there are many advances in cancer screening and early detection, older ethnic minority populations, aged 65 and older, are less likely than Caucasians to participate in cancer screening services. Prior research indicates that older ethnic minorities have cultural values that influence their behaviours. Addressing culturally relevant communication to better understand those values may increase participation in cancer screening. The study reported is a secondary analysis of qualitative data gathered from focus groups. Participants included 11 Hispanics and 13 Caucasians living in the western United States. Utilising an interdisciplinary analytical lens, the authors compared older Hispanic and Caucasian's cultural values and their screening behaviours. Suggested psychosocial interventions are discussed to assist providers in efforts to promote cancer screening. Implications for practice are discussed.