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Dementia across local districts in England 2014 to 2015
- Authors:
- TAMPUBOLON Gindo, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(8), 2018, pp.1127-1131.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The number of older people needing dementia care is projected to rise rapidly, and local districts are now charged with responding to this need. But evidence on local area factors of dementia is scarce. The authors studied the odds of dementia prevalence and its individual risk factors enriched with area factors. Materials and methods: This study analysed objectively assigned dementia prevalence in people aged 60 and over living in community in England, drawing data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2014 to 2015 and local districts statistics using multilevel logistic models. Dementia status is ascertained using a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. A number of individual risk factors were considered including social determinants, internet use, social connections, and health behaviours; 2 contextual factors were included: the index of multiple deprivation and land use mix. Results: The prevalence of dementia by this method is 8.8% (95% confidence interval 7.7%‐9.2%) in older adults in England. Maps of dementia prevalence across districts showed prevalent areas. In the full model, no area characteristics were significant in predicting dementia prevalence. Education, social connections, internet use, and moderate to vigorous physical activity showed protective associations. Conclusion: Dementia in older adults in England is largely predicted by individual characteristics, although some districts have a large share of their population with dementia. Given the health and social care costs associated with dementia, differential interventions and support to districts and to groups of individuals defined by these characteristics seem warranted. (Edited publisher abstract)
The role of vascular risk factors in late onset bipolar disorder
- Authors:
- SUBRAMANIAM Hari, DENNIS Michael S., BYRNE E. Jane
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(8), August 2007, pp.733-737.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The association between late life depression and cerebro-vascular risk and cerebro-vascular disease is well established. This study aimed to investigate whether similar links exist with late onset bipolar disorder. Patients with early onset (less than 60 years of age) bipolar disorder were compared with those of late onset (aged 60 and above) in relation to cognitive function, physical health and vascular risk factors. Participants were receiving specialist care from the Leicestershire Mental Health NHS Partnership Trust. Thirty patients with early onset were compared with 20 patients with a late onset bipolar disorder. Diagnosis of bipolar disorder was according to ICD-10 criteria and without an associated clinical diagnosis of dementia. Assessment of cognition included tests of frontal-executive function, and cerebro-vascular risk was quantified with the Framingham stroke risk score. The late onset group had a higher stroke risk score than the early onset group, this difference persisting despite taking age and gender differences into account. However, late onset patients' cognitive function (including frontal lobe tests) and physical health status was no different to the early onset group. There is higher cerebrovascular risk in elderly patients with late onset bipolar disorder, compared to patients with an early onset. This suggests that cerebrovascular risk may be an important factor for the expression of bipolar disorders in later life, and has significant management implications for older bipolar patients.
Get a grip on safety
- Author:
- CARROLL Nicola
- Journal article citation:
- Care Weekly, 25.4.93, 1993, p.15.
In 1990 10 people died from scalding in bathrooms in residential care homes in England and Wales. Measures for improving safety in bathrooms are examined.
Age UK loneliness heat map
- Author:
- AGE UK
- Publisher:
- Age UK
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Place of publication:
- London
Interactive heat map which shows the relative risk of loneliness for older people (aged 65+) across 32,844 neighbourhoods within local authority areas in England. The relative risk of loneliness has been calculated based on the Census 2011 figures for the factors: marital status, self-reported health status, age and household size. It can be used alongside local knowledge and an understanding of local neighbourhoods to help improve the allocation of limited resources to reduce loneliness across a geographic area and help understand whether existing services are reaching areas of need. (Edited publisher abstract)
Prevalence of dementia in African–Caribbean compared with UK-born White older people: two-stage cross-sectional study
- Authors:
- ADELMAN Simon, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 199(2), August 2011, pp.119-125.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Previous research suggests that there may be an increased prevalence of dementia in African/Caribbean older adults, possibly related to vascular risk factors and potentially amenable to preventative measures. This study investigated the prevalence of dementia in older people of African/Caribbean descent compared to their White UK-born counterparts. Participants included 218 African/Caribbean and 218 White UK-born people aged over 60, from five general practices in North London. Two independent assessors diagnosed dementia according to standard operationalised criteria. The prevalence of dementia was 9.6% in the African/Caribbean sample and 6.9% in the White group. African/Caribbean participants with dementia were 8 years younger than their White counterparts. The authors concluded that the findings have implications for service provision and preventive interventions. Further research is needed to examine vascular risk factors and social adversity in this population.
Social exclusion of older people: evidence from the first wave of the English longitudinal study on ageing (ELSA): summary
- Author:
- GREAT BRITAIN. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 4p.
- Place of publication:
- London
The study uses 2002-3 data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) which is a large-scale survey of people aged 50 and over living in England. The broad aim of the study was to see whether insights about social exclusion could be drawn from this relatively new data source in a way that might strengthen existing knowledge about the particular experiences of exclusion among older people. The main objective of this project was to measure the patterns of different forms of social exclusion among older people and to examine the key risk factors, or indicators, of social exclusion among older people.
The social exclusion of older people: evidence from the first wave of the English longitudinal study on ageing (ELSA): final report
- Authors:
- BARNES Matt, et al
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 112p.
- Place of publication:
- London
The study uses 2002-3 data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) which is a large-scale survey of people aged 50 and over living in England. The broad aim of the study was to see whether insights about social exclusion could be drawn from this relatively new data source in a way that might strengthen existing knowledge about the particular experiences of exclusion among older people. The main objective of this project was to measure the patterns of different forms of social exclusion among older people and to examine the key risk factors, or indicators, of social exclusion among older people.
Not such a winter wonderland
- Author:
- GREENGROSS Sally
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 17.12.98, 1998, p.11.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
The author, Director General of Age Concern England, looks at the tragic and sometimes fatal effects of the winter months on elderly people.
Reducing older people's need for care: exploring risk factors for loss of independence
- Author:
- WHYARD Julia
- Publisher:
- Oxford Brookes University. Institute of Public Care
- Publication year:
- 2019
- Pagination:
- 7
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
An executive summary of a report commissioned by Nottinghamshire County Council to explore recent evidence and identify a set of risk factors to older people’s independence. It explores risk factors in three areas: Social and Psychosocial Domain; Long term or Personal Conditions Domain; and Life Events Domain. Risk factors are then further grouped into: modifiable risk factors such as depression or loneliness, where specific support or services can be offered to minimise their impact; and non-modifiable risk factors such as age or history of falls; which can help identify older people at greater risk and who may potentially benefit from some preventative services and support. The report identifies the following factors as being the most significant, primary risk factors to older people’s independence and institutionalisation: Dementia with co-morbidity; Co-morbidity; carer burden; falls; social isolation and loneliness; poor confidence and self-esteem; and poor perception of own health status. The report also highlights examples of preventative tools and interventions that could stop, delay or defer the need for long-term institutional care for older people. The findings will be used to inform Nottinghamshire County Council’s ongoing local development of an “early warning system”. (Edited publisher abstract)
Loneliness as a risk factor for care home admission in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
- Authors:
- HANRATTY Barbara, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 47(6), 2018, pp.896-900.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background: loneliness has an adverse effect on health and well-being, and is common at older ages. Evidence that it is a risk factor for care home admission is sparse. Objective: to investigate the association between loneliness and care home admission. Setting: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Participants: two-hundred fifty-four individuals across seven waves (2002–15) of ELSA who moved into care homes were age, sex matched to four randomly selected individuals who remained in the community. Methods: logistic regression models examined associations between loneliness, socio-demographic factors, functional status and health on moving into care homes. Results: loneliness (measured by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale and a single-item question from the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)) was associated with moving into a care home (CES-D OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.43–3.17, P = 0.0002, UCLA OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.01–3.27, P = 0.05). The association persisted after adjusting for established predictors (age, sex, social isolation, depression, memory problems including diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, disability, long-term physical health and wealth). The impact of loneliness (measured by CES-D) on admission accounted for a population attributable fraction of 19.9% (95% CI 7.8–30.4%). Conclusions: loneliness conveys an independent risk of care home admission that, unlike other risk factors, may be amenable to modification. Tackling loneliness amongst older adults may be a way of enhancing wellbeing and delaying or reducing the demand for institutional care. (Edited publisher abstract)