Search results for ‘Subject term:"older people"’ Sort:
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Dementia across local districts in England 2014 to 2015
- Authors:
- TAMPUBOLON Gindo, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(8), 2018, pp.1127-1131.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The number of older people needing dementia care is projected to rise rapidly, and local districts are now charged with responding to this need. But evidence on local area factors of dementia is scarce. The authors studied the odds of dementia prevalence and its individual risk factors enriched with area factors. Materials and methods: This study analysed objectively assigned dementia prevalence in people aged 60 and over living in community in England, drawing data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2014 to 2015 and local districts statistics using multilevel logistic models. Dementia status is ascertained using a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. A number of individual risk factors were considered including social determinants, internet use, social connections, and health behaviours; 2 contextual factors were included: the index of multiple deprivation and land use mix. Results: The prevalence of dementia by this method is 8.8% (95% confidence interval 7.7%‐9.2%) in older adults in England. Maps of dementia prevalence across districts showed prevalent areas. In the full model, no area characteristics were significant in predicting dementia prevalence. Education, social connections, internet use, and moderate to vigorous physical activity showed protective associations. Conclusion: Dementia in older adults in England is largely predicted by individual characteristics, although some districts have a large share of their population with dementia. Given the health and social care costs associated with dementia, differential interventions and support to districts and to groups of individuals defined by these characteristics seem warranted. (Edited publisher abstract)
The oldest old and the risk of social exclusion
- Authors:
- KEY Wesley, CULLINEY Martin
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Society, 17(1), 2018, pp.47-63.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This article examines whether people aged eighty-five-and-over, referred to throughout as ‘The Oldest Old’, are more likely to suffer from social exclusion than people aged sixty-five to eighty-four. Social Exclusion is defined according to the four dimensions identified in the 1999 Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey. Using data from Understanding Society, the analysis finds that the Oldest Old have a higher likelihood of experiencing social exclusion than people aged sixty-five to eighty-four. These findings illustrate the risks facing the Oldest Old, and highlight the policy challenges presented by ageing western populations. (Publisher abstract)
Prospective associations between sedentary behaviour and incident depressive symptoms in older people: a 15-month longitudinal cohort study
- Authors:
- TSUTSUMIMOTO Kota, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(2), 2017, pp.193-200.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether sitting time, as a form of sedentary behaviour, is related to incident depressive symptoms in older people. Methods: This study included 3503 participants (mean age 71.7 years, 50.1% female) from the ‘Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly' cohort study. At baseline and then 15 months later, the participants reported their status of depressive symptoms using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. During the baseline assessment, the participants were also asked about their sedentary behaviour on weekdays over the past 7 days and, from there, categorised into three groups (<240, 240–480, ≥480 min/day). Demographic data and the other health behaviours were also assessed at the baseline. Results: Cross-sectional analysis revealed that 437 participants (12.0%) had depressive symptoms. In a prospective analysis, the logistic regression model revealed that the odds ratio for depressive symptom incidence was higher in participants who, at baseline, spent 480 min or more per day sitting, and in those who spent 240-480 min in comparison with those who spent less than 240 min. Conclusions: Sedentary behaviour significantly affects the risk of incident depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to develop an intervention strategy to manage depressive symptoms, as the second most common cause of burden of disease among older adults. (Edited publisher abstract)
Suicide in the oldest old: an observational study and cluster analysis
- Authors:
- SINYOR Mark, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(1), 2016, pp.33-40.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objectives: The older population are at a high risk for suicide. This study sought to learn more about the characteristics of suicide in the oldest-old and to use a cluster analysis to determine if oldest-old suicide victims assort into clinically meaningful subgroups. Methods: Data were collected from a coroner's chart review of suicide victims in Toronto from 1998 to 2011. The study compared two age groups (65-79 year olds, n = 335, and 80+ year olds, n = 191) and then conducted a hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis using Ward's method to identify distinct clusters in the 80+ group. Results: The younger and older age groups differed according to marital status, living circumstances and pattern of stressors. The cluster analysis identified three distinct clusters in the 80+ group. Cluster 1 was the largest (n = 124) and included people who were either married or widowed who had significantly more depression and somewhat more medical health stressors. In contrast, cluster 2 (n = 50) comprised people who were almost all single and living alone with significantly less identified depression and slightly fewer medical health stressors. All members of cluster 3 (n = 17) lived in a retirement residence or nursing home, and this group had the highest rates of depression, dementia, other mental illness and past suicide attempts. Conclusions: This is the first study to use the cluster analysis technique to identify meaningful subgroups among suicide victims in the oldest-old. The results reveal different patterns of suicide in the older population that may be relevant for clinical care. (Edited publisher abstract)
The heterogeneity of socially isolated older adults: a social isolation typology
- Author:
- MACHIELSE Anja
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 58(4), 2015, pp.338-356.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Recent statistics show a growing number of older adults who are living alone and are socially isolated. It is against this background that, in recent years, many interventions have been developed to address social isolation among the elderly. Evaluative studies show that most interventions are hardly effective, though. An important reason for this is the heterogeneity of the socially isolated. This article offers insight into this heterogeneity by presenting a typology with different profiles of socially isolated older adults and the intervention implications of this typology. The typology is derived from an extensive qualitative study on socially isolated elderly individuals in the Netherlands. The typology imposes some degree of order to a diversity of circumstances, ambitions, and possibilities of the socially isolated elderly, thereby deepening the understanding of the heterogeneity of this population. The definition of social isolation used in this study starts from a societal angle of incidence, namely the current policy context of Western European welfare states, in which governments emphasize the importance of independence and self-reliance of their citizens. Developed from that perspective, the typology provides a theoretical basis for applying interventions aimed at increasing self-reliance of social isolated elderly. This perspective on social isolation also has consequences for the way in which the effectiveness of interventions to alleviate social isolation is assessed. (Publisher abstract)
Elder abuse: a systematic review of risk factors in community-dwelling elders
- Authors:
- JOHANNESEN Mark, LoGIUDICE Dina
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 42(3), 2013, pp.292-298.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Objective: To undertake a systematic literature review of risk factors for abuse in community-dwelling elders, as a first step towards exploring the clinical utility of a risk factor framework. Search strategy and selection criteria: A search was undertaken using the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases for articles published in English up to March 2011, to identify original studies with statistically significant risk factors for abuse in community-dwelling elders. Studies concerning self-neglect and persons aged under 55 were excluded. Results: Forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, with 13 risk factors being reproducible across a range of settings in high-quality studies. These concerned the elder person (cognitive impairment, behavioural problems, psychiatric illness or psychological problems, functional dependency, poor physical health or frailty, low income or wealth, trauma or past abuse and ethnicity), perpetrator (caregiver burden or stress, and psychiatric illness or psychological problems), relationship (family disharmony, poor or conflictual relationships) and environment (low social support and living with others except for financial abuse). Conclusions: Current evidence supports the multifactorial aetiology of elder abuse involving risk factors within the elder person, perpetrator, relationship and environment. (Publisher abstract)
Correlates of susceptibility to scams in older adults without dementia
- Authors:
- JAMES Bryan D., BOYLE Patricia A., BENNETT David A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 26(2), 2014, pp.107-122.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study examined correlates of susceptibility to scams in 639 community-dwelling older adults without dementia from a cohort study of ageing in the Chicago district. Regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, and income were used to examine associations between susceptibility to scams, measured by a five-item self-report measure, and a number of potential correlates. Susceptibility was positively associated with age and negatively associated with income, cognition, psychological well-being, social support, and literacy. Fully adjusted models indicated that older age and lower levels of cognitive function, decreased psychological well-being, and lower literacy in particular may be markers of susceptibility to financial victimization in old age. (Publisher abstract)
Protective and risk factors associated with stigma in a population of older adults living with HIV in Ontario, Canada
- Authors:
- EMLET Charles A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 25(10), 2013, pp.1330-1339.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Although the deleterious effects of HIV stigma are well documented, less is known about how various types of stigma impact older adults living with HIV disease and what factors exacerbate or lessen the effects of HIV stigma. Using cross-sectional data from the OHTN cohort study (OCS), we undertook multiple linear regression to determine the predictors of overall HIV stigma, and enacted, anticipated, and internalised stigma subscales in a sample of OCS participants age 50 and over (n=378). Being female, heterosexual, engaging in maladaptive coping, and having poor self-rated health were associated with greater overall stigma while being older, having greater mastery, increased emotional-informational social support, and a longer time since HIV diagnosis were associated with lower levels of stigma. The final model accounted for 31% of the variance in overall stigma. Differences in these findings by subscale and implications for practice are discussed. (Publisher abstract)
The ABC scale and fall risk: a systematic review
- Authors:
- STASNY Bernadette Marie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Physical and Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 29(3), September 2011, pp.233-242.
- Publisher:
- Informa Healthcare
This systematic review focuses on the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale in order to assess how well it predicts falls in older adults living in the community. The evidence is from only three studies, all of which were judged to be good quality. The results suggest that the ABC scale is a useful measure of balance confidence in older adults, but research on its ability to predict falls is limited. Large, longer-term, prospective studies are needed.
Preventing falls: how to monitor risk and intervene
- Author:
- -
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing and Residential Care, 13(2), February 2011, pp.82-84.
- Publisher:
- MA Healthcare Ltd.
- Place of publication:
- London
Highlights what care homes can do to prevent falls in their older residents. The article looks at possible risks and preventive interventions such as physical exercise.