Search results for ‘Subject term:"older people"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 119
Dementia across local districts in England 2014 to 2015
- Authors:
- TAMPUBOLON Gindo, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(8), 2018, pp.1127-1131.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The number of older people needing dementia care is projected to rise rapidly, and local districts are now charged with responding to this need. But evidence on local area factors of dementia is scarce. The authors studied the odds of dementia prevalence and its individual risk factors enriched with area factors. Materials and methods: This study analysed objectively assigned dementia prevalence in people aged 60 and over living in community in England, drawing data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2014 to 2015 and local districts statistics using multilevel logistic models. Dementia status is ascertained using a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. A number of individual risk factors were considered including social determinants, internet use, social connections, and health behaviours; 2 contextual factors were included: the index of multiple deprivation and land use mix. Results: The prevalence of dementia by this method is 8.8% (95% confidence interval 7.7%‐9.2%) in older adults in England. Maps of dementia prevalence across districts showed prevalent areas. In the full model, no area characteristics were significant in predicting dementia prevalence. Education, social connections, internet use, and moderate to vigorous physical activity showed protective associations. Conclusion: Dementia in older adults in England is largely predicted by individual characteristics, although some districts have a large share of their population with dementia. Given the health and social care costs associated with dementia, differential interventions and support to districts and to groups of individuals defined by these characteristics seem warranted. (Edited publisher abstract)
Prognosis of late life depression: a three-year cohort study of outcome and potential predictors
- Author:
- BALDWIN Robert C.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(1), January 2006, pp.57-63.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Late-onset depression (LOD) has a poor prognosis which may be worsened by the presence of cerebrovascular disease. The original study involved 50 patients with LOD and 35 healthy age matched controls. Follow-up was at three years. Baseline measures included clinical, neuroradiological and neuropsychological variables. Outcome was assessed by mortality, progression to dementia and clinical course of depressive disorder. Sixty-two (73%) of the original cohort agreed to be re-interviewed. Seven participants had died (all from the depressed group) and six developed dementia, all but one from the depressed group. Vascular dementia predominated (although not significantly so) among those with dementia at follow-up. For 28 depressed patients with complete follow-up data (56% of the original sample), poor outcome was predicted by lower High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), raised Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and a higher score on the Hachinski Index scale and one test of immediate memory. Initial response to treatment was not associated with later outcome. It is concluded that late-onset depressive disorder is associated with a high rate of mortality and possibly dementia.
Characteristics of nursing home residents and physical restraint: a systematic literature review
- Authors:
- HOFMANN Hedi, HAHN Sabine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(21-22), 2014, pp.3012-3024.
- Publisher:
- John Wiley and Sons
Aims and objectives: Even though the application of physical restraint is highly controversial, prevalence rates show that it is a common intervention in nursing homes. This reviews aimed to analyse and to summarise factors associated with nursing home residents' characteristics which could lead to physical restraint, and to investigate the consequences of physical restraint use for this population. Methods:A systematic literature research involving the databases PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Library was carried out for articles published from January 2005-November 2011. Nine Studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and the quality assessment. Results: Restrained residents had low activities of daily living (ADL) scores and severe cognitive impairment. Residents with low cognitive status and serious mobility impairments were at high risk to be restrained, as well as residents with previous fall and/or fracture. Repeated verbal and physical agitation was found to be positively associated with restraint use. Possible consequences of physical restraint were as follows: lower cognitive and ADL performance, higher walking dependence, furthermore falls, pressure ulcers, urinary and faecal incontinence. Conclusions: This systematic literature review reveals notable resident-related factors for physical restraint use. The consequences of restraint seem to negatively influence residents' physical and psychological well-being. Physical restraint seems to be an important risk factor for residents' further health problems. Nurses need a high level of expertise and competence in evaluating the individual residents′ situation and deciding further steps, with respect for the autonomy and dignity of the person. (Edited publisher abstract)
Prevalence of dementia in African–Caribbean compared with UK-born White older people: two-stage cross-sectional study
- Authors:
- ADELMAN Simon, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 199(2), August 2011, pp.119-125.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Previous research suggests that there may be an increased prevalence of dementia in African/Caribbean older adults, possibly related to vascular risk factors and potentially amenable to preventative measures. This study investigated the prevalence of dementia in older people of African/Caribbean descent compared to their White UK-born counterparts. Participants included 218 African/Caribbean and 218 White UK-born people aged over 60, from five general practices in North London. Two independent assessors diagnosed dementia according to standard operationalised criteria. The prevalence of dementia was 9.6% in the African/Caribbean sample and 6.9% in the White group. African/Caribbean participants with dementia were 8 years younger than their White counterparts. The authors concluded that the findings have implications for service provision and preventive interventions. Further research is needed to examine vascular risk factors and social adversity in this population.
Delusional disorder in old age and the risk of developing dementia - a nationwide register-based study
- Author:
- KRONER Alex
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 12(5), September 2008, pp.625-629.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study examines whether very late first-contact delusional disorder carries a risk for later development of dementia. By linkage of the psychiatric and the somatic nationwide registers of all out- and in-patients with hospital contact in Denmark, the study included all 60+ patients with first ever from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 2001 with the index main diagnosis: delusional disorder. First contact osteoarthritis patients as well as the general population were used as controls. A total of 1,437 patients with persistent delusional disorder and 7,302 patients with osteoarthritis were included. Median follow-up time until first diagnosis of dementia at discharge was 1.87 and 4.40 years, respectively. The probability of getting a dementia diagnosis was estimated using Poisson regression models with dementia as the outcome of interest. Patients with very late first-contact delusional disorder had an 8.14 (95% CI, 6.51; 10.19) times increased rate of subsequently developing dementia compared with very late first contact osteoarthritis patients. Compared with the general population the rate ratio was 5.49 (95% CI, 4.81; 6.26). Very late first-contact delusional disorder increases the risk of subsequently getting a diagnosis of dementia 5-8 times compared with osteoarthritis patients and the general population.
Mild cognitive impairment in the older population: who is missed and does it matter?
- Authors:
- STEPHAN Blossom C. M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(8), August 2008, pp.863-871.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Classifications of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) vary in the precision of the defining criteria. Their value in clinical settings is different from population settings. This difference depending on setting is to be expected, but must be well understood if population screening for dementia and pre-dementia states is to be considered. Of importance is the impact of missed diagnosis. The magnitude of missed at-risk cases in the application of different MCI criteria in the population is unknown. Data were from the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study, a large population based study of older aged individuals in the UK. Prevalence and two-year progression to dementia in individuals whose impairment failed to fulfil published criteria for MCI was evaluated. Prevalence estimates of individuals not classified from current MCI definitions were extremely variable (range 2.5-41.0%). Rates of progression to dementia in these non-classified groups were also very variable (3.7-30.0%), reflecting heterogeneity in MCI classification requirements. Narrow definitions of MCI developed for clinical settings when applied in the population result in a large proportion of individuals who progress to dementia being excluded from MCI classifications. More broadly defined criteria would be better for selection of individuals at risk of dementia in population settings, but at the possibility of high false positive rates. While exclusion may be a good thing in the population since most people are presumably normal, over-inclusion is more likely to be harmful. Further work needs to investigate the best classification system for application in the population.
Depressive symptoms among cognitively normal versus cognitively impaired elderly subjects
- Authors:
- LI Yang-Sheng, MEYER John S., THORNBY John
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(5), May 2001, pp.455-461.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Article analyses the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms among patients with Alzheimer's disease (DAT), vascular dementia (VAD), and among the cognitively normal elderly. Risk factors contributing to depression were likewise evaluated. Found that prevalence of depressive symptoms among VAD, DAT, and cognitively normal elderly were 31.4%, 19.9%, and 13.2%, respectively. 25.5% of VAD and 13.2% of DAT patients had depression of mild to moderate degrees. Analysis revealed that diagnosis of VAD and DAT, heart disease, and past history of depression was significantly associated with high depression scores. There was no correlation between degree of depression and severity of cognitive impairments. Concludes that mild to moderate depression is a common comorbidity with organic dementia, especially VAD, but associated depression is independent of severity of cognitive impairments.
Resilience and supporting people living with dementia during the time of COVID-19: a qualitative study
- Authors:
- HANNA Kerry, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 21(1), 2022, pp.250-269.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Objectives: To explore the different factors of resilience for people living with dementia and unpaid carers, in response to sudden changes in care and lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Unpaid carers and people living with dementia were offered telephone interviews in April 2020 to discuss their experiences since the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were asked about the benefits and challenges of accessing dementia support, as well as coping, symptoms, strategies and impacts. Each transcript was analysed using inductive and deductive thematic analysis by two researchers. Findings: Semi-structured interviews from 50 participants (n = 42 unpaid carers and n = 8 people living with dementia) reported protective and risk factors of resilience concerning (1) communication, (2) adaptations, (3) support networks and (4) lifestyle factors and coping mechanisms. Conclusions: Resilience factors considered both organisational factors for external support, along with individual coping mechanisms. Organisations and social support services should consider resilience factors in future service planning, to better support people living with dementia, or caring someone living with dementia, during times of great stress. The ecological model of resilience established from this research refers to resilience during times of unexpected change in the COVID-19 pandemic; however, it could be considered relevant in other periods of high stress within this cohort. (Edited publisher abstract)
Loneliness, but not social isolation, predicts development of dementia in older people
- Author:
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH RESEARCH
- Publisher:
- National Institute for Health Research
- Publication year:
- 2020
- Place of publication:
- London
This NIHR Alert explores the impact of social relationships and contact on the increased risk of developing dementia. It summarises findings in a study which analysed data from the ongoing English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). The results found that older people who feel lonely and have few close relationships may have an increased chance of developing dementia. However, being socially isolated with few or infrequent social contacts did not seem to predict dementia risk. The findings suggest people who have supportive social relationships with relatives and carers may be protected from cognitive decline, and that the quality of relationships is more important than how often they meet up in person. (Edited publisher abstract)
Family caregivers’ perceptions of maltreatment of older adults with dementia: findings from the northwest of Spain
- Authors:
- RIVERA-NAVARRO Jesus, CONTADOR Israel
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 31(1), 2019, pp.77-95.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Dementia is a neurocognitive disorder that implies a risk factor of maltreatment by family caregivers. In this study, the authors analyzed both informal caregiver’s perceptions of maltreatment and aspects of the caregiver and caregiving behaviour that may be associated with maltreatment. They conducted five focus groups (FGs) in three Spanish cities: Segovia, Soria and León. The themes that were identified were related to two levels of maltreatment: (a) relational and (b) institutional. At the relational level, the authors observed the justification of maltreatment of Older Adults with Dementia (OAswD) by family caregivers during the occurrence of behavioural symptoms. At the institutional level, the authors noted that lack of support from the government was considered a type of maltreatment. These themes suggest that policy issues related to healthcare should be considered. (Edited publisher abstract)