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Protective and risk factors associated with stigma in a population of older adults living with HIV in Ontario, Canada
- Authors:
- EMLET Charles A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 25(10), 2013, pp.1330-1339.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Although the deleterious effects of HIV stigma are well documented, less is known about how various types of stigma impact older adults living with HIV disease and what factors exacerbate or lessen the effects of HIV stigma. Using cross-sectional data from the OHTN cohort study (OCS), we undertook multiple linear regression to determine the predictors of overall HIV stigma, and enacted, anticipated, and internalised stigma subscales in a sample of OCS participants age 50 and over (n=378). Being female, heterosexual, engaging in maladaptive coping, and having poor self-rated health were associated with greater overall stigma while being older, having greater mastery, increased emotional-informational social support, and a longer time since HIV diagnosis were associated with lower levels of stigma. The final model accounted for 31% of the variance in overall stigma. Differences in these findings by subscale and implications for practice are discussed. (Publisher abstract)
Risk and protective factors associated with health-related quality of life among older gay and bisexual men living with HIV disease
- Authors:
- EMLET Charles A., FREDRIKSEN-GOLDSEN Karen I., KIM Hyun-Jun
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 53(6), 2013, pp.963-972.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Purpose: To identify risk and protective factors associated with mental and physical health-related quality of life, after controlling for key background characteristics, in a population of older gay and bisexual men living with HIV disease. Previous research examining quality of life among persons living with HIV rarely includes older adults. Design and Methods: Survey responses from 226 gay and bisexual men aged 50 and older, and living with HIV disease, which were part of the Caring and Aging with Pride study, were analysed using multivariate linear regression models. Results: Findings reveal that comorbidity, limitations in activities, and victimisation are significant risk factors for decreased physical and mental health-related quality of life. Stigma and HIV progression did not contribute to the overall outcome variables in multivariate models. Social support and self-efficacy serve as protective factors although social support was only significant with mental health-related quality of life. Implications: Comorbidity, functional limitations, and lifetime victimisation are risks to quality of life among older gay and bisexual men with HIV disease. Self-efficacy and social support represent intrapersonal and interpersonal resources that can be enhanced through interventions to improve health-related quality of life. (Publisher abstract)