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Access to bridge employment: who finds and who does not find work after retirement?
- Authors:
- DINGEMANS Ellen, HENKENS Kene, SOLINGE Hanna van
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 56(4), 2016, pp.630-640.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Purpose of the study: Empirical studies on the determinants of bridge employment have often neglected the fact that some retirees may be unsuccessful in finding a bridge job. We present an integrative framework that emphasises socioeconomic factors, health status, social context, and psychological factors to explain why some people fully retired after career exit, some participated in bridge jobs, while others unsuccessfully searched for one. Design and methods: Using Dutch panel data for 1,221 retirees, we estimated a multinomial logit model to explain participation in, and unsuccessful searches for, bridge employment. Results: About 1 in 4 retirees participated in bridge employment after retirement, while 7% searched unsuccessfully for such work. Particularly those who experienced involuntary career exit were found to have a higher probability of being unsuccessful at finding bridge employment. Implications: The current study provides evidence for the impact of the social context on post-retirement work and suggests a cumulative disadvantage in the work domain in later life. (Edited publisher abstract)
Housing our ageing population: positive ideas. HAPPI 3: making retirement living a positive choice
- Authors:
- BEST Richard, ALL PARTY PARLIAMENTARY GROUP ON HOUSING AND CARE FOR OLDER PEOPLE
- Publisher:
- Housing Learning and Improvement Network
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 7507
- Place of publication:
- Birmingham
Explores how older people can be given more control over the management and delivery of services and access to a wider range of housing choices. In particular, to ensure that they can: be as independent as they want to be; feel part of a community and choose how and when to they want to engage; stay connected with their social or other support networks, including through the use of technology, preventing isolation and loneliness; have a clear understanding of purchase, shared ownership or rental prices so that they can make informed decisions about what they can afford to buy and/or rent; and have greater clarity and certainty over service charges and associated property costs/management fees so that they retain more control and can plan their finances effectively. The report recognises that some of the factors that can impede older people 'rightsizing' - such as emotional ties to a home or community - are difficult to overcome. However, it says that measures to make moving easier, to build specialist 'care ready' housing where people want it and to address the sector's lingering negative image will encourage more people to move while still fit and healthy. Having taken evidence from a range of experts and stakeholders, the report also calls on local authorities to recognise the social and economic benefits of right-sizing in their local plans and planning policies. House builders and lenders, the report says, should do more to support people looking to move to more appropriate housing by developing clear and transparent information around fees and other costs that offer greater choice and control. (Edited publisher abstract)
Understanding retirement for ageing adults with a disability in supported employment
- Authors:
- GOODS Naomi, MILLSTEED Jeannine
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(11), 2016, pp.713-721.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Introduction: Employees with disabilities in supported employment are ageing and, as their retirement from work approaches, it is critical to consider how they perceive their occupational roles might change. They need to consider what activities they choose to engage in, and what service or supports might be necessary to make a successful transition to retirement. The aim of this study was to understand how ageing employees with disabilities perceive retirement, and how their occupational roles might change. Method: A qualitative study was conducted with 10 participants working in a supported employment service, for whom transitioning from work to retirement was imminent. Findings: Participants perceived retirement to be boring, full of meaningless activities and lonely. It also meant a reduced income that would result in hardship, and a loss of self-esteem at losing their employee role. They had limited knowledge about alternative activities in retirement. Conclusion: Participants perceived significant barriers to making the transition from employee to retiree. Occupational therapy can provide support with pre-retirement planning and evidence-based strategies such as a client-centred approach, mapping new routines, and training staff and mentors. They could also advocate for changes in service delivery to improve practices that will encourage active ageing for people with disabilities in retirement. (Publisher abstract)
Easing the transition: the relationship between alcohol and labour market activity in the over 50s population of the UK
- Authors:
- HOLLEY-MOORE George, BEACH Brian, BRANCATI Cesira Urzi
- Publisher:
- International Longevity Centre UK
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 47
- Place of publication:
- London
This report sets out the specific barriers and challenges faced by over 50s with current or previous drinking problems at three stages of labour market activity: unemployment, employment and retirement. At each stage, this report shows that there is a pressing need for action, not just for the emotional and physical wellbeing of the over 50s population, but for the wider UK economy and the productivity of the UK labour force. The report finds that older job seekers with current or previous alcohol problems can suffer multiple layers of stigmatisation while those in employment are often let down by employers in terms of preventing and dealing with problem drinking. Transitioning into retirement can be a danger point for problem drinking, and there is a need to target hard to reach groups once in retirement. The report concludes that there is a need for central and local government, employers and the third sector to address these barriers now in order to prevent alcohol-related harm in the over 50s population of the UK. (Edited publisher abstract)
Longer lives, stronger families? The changing nature of intergenerational support
- Author:
- KEOHANE Nigel
- Publisher:
- Social Market Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 65
- Place of publication:
- London
This study charts how the shape of the extended family has evolved over time and explores how the support given across the intergenerational family has changed historically and how it may alter in the future. Families have tended to get longer and thinner over time due to a combination of longer lives, fluctuation in the average age of first-time mothers and reduced fertility and at the same time, there has been a trend towards greater heterogeneity of family types and the traditional ‘nuclear family’ has changed dramatically. The report show the continuing and growing importance of intergenerational family assistance, with more than three quarters of the population agreeing that ‘with people living longer, it is even more important that families stay connected across the generations’. The paper identifies a number of potential challenges ahead associated with these societal and demographic shifts, including: living patterns of intergenerational families may diverge, with some intergenerational families co-residing, others geographically separated and a growing proportion growing old without children or grandchildren; pensioners may struggle to balance the twin demands of younger family members needing support for major life events and living costs versus their own needs in retirement; people in their middle years may see their hopes and expectations of receiving an inheritance or major gift thwarted; and ‘in-betweeners’ in their 60s may find themselves facing triple pressures of continuing in work as the state pension age rises, caring for an elderly parent and providing grandparental childcare. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mobilizing resources for well-being: implications for developing interventions in the retirement transition
- Authors:
- HEAVEN Ben, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 56(4), 2016, pp.615-629.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Purpose of the study: Good health and wellbeing in later life are central issues for public health. Retirement presents an opportunity to intervene to improve health and wellbeing, as individuals may adjust associated lifestyle behaviours. However, there is little evidence about how wellbeing is experienced in the context of increasingly diverse retirement transitions. Our objectives were to explore (a) views on health and wellbeing through retirement transitions and (b) acceptability of intervening in this period. Design and methods: Qualitative study involving 48 workers/retirees, aged 53–77 years of diverse socioeconomic status, were recruited from urban and rural areas in North East England. Data were collected iteratively through focus groups (n = 6), individual interviews (n = 13), interviews with couples (n = 4), using the constant comparative method. Analysis was informed by theories of the Third Age and Sen’s capabilities approach. Results: Diverse retirement transitions were shaped by unanticipated events. Central to wellbeing was the “capability” to utilise resources to achieve desirable outcomes. Participants rejected a “later life” identity, associating it with decline, and an uncertain future. Implications: Lifestyle interventions that address challenges within the retirement transition may be acceptable. Inducements to change behaviour based on possible long-term outcomes may be less appealing. Providing assistance to use resources to address personal goals may be central to effective interventions. (Edited publisher abstract)
Retirement and memory in Europe
- Authors:
- BIANCHINI Laura, BORELLA Margherita
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 36(7), 2016, pp.1434-1458.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The authors investigate the effect of retirement on memory using the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The availability of a panel data-set allows individual heterogeneity to be controlled for when estimating the effect of transitions into retirement on a commonly employed memory measure, word recall. Control for endogeneity of the retirement decision is made by applying an instrumental variable technique to fixed-effects transformation. The authors' main finding is that, conditional on the average non-linear memory age path of the typical individual, time spent in retirement has a positive effect on word recall.
The task of time in retirement
- Authors:
- EKERDT David J., KOSS Catheryn
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 36(6), 2016, pp.1295-1311.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Retirees' encounter with time has long interested social scientists, especially the negotiation of such an open-ended status. Pursuing theoretical suggestions that daily activities anchor a narrative of self-identity, this project examined the coherence of retirees' representations of their time use. Information is drawn from interviews with 30 retirees in the Midwestern United States of America who were invited to discuss their daily lives and activities. The retirees valued time sovereignty and accounted for their time use by describing schedules of activities in some detail. Daily time was not presented as improvised but rather as structured into routines. Recurring behaviours flowed from situations and structures in which people were implicated, such as body care and living with others. Even in replies to a specific question about the preceding day, people slipped into language about what they typically do. Retirees' ready narratives about routines were also accounts of who they are not. The findings suggest, first, that daily routines are instrumental for retirees in economising thought and behaviour. Second, the assertion of a routine is an assurance that one's life is ordered and proceeds with purpose, thus solving the task of time. Third, routines can be a means to signal conformity with ideals of active ageing. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mobility changes during the first years of retirement
- Author:
- BERG Jessica
- Journal article citation:
- Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, 17(2), 2016, pp.131-140.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Mobility is an important aspect of well-being, activity and participation. Retiring from paid work is a transition in later life when people need to adjust to a new daily structure and fill the day with activities other than work. Life-course transitions influence demands for mobility and choice of travel mode as people adapt to new circumstances and learning processes. The purpose of this paper is to explore how mobility strategies develop during the first years of retirement. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative analysis based on initial interviews with a total of 27 retired people during their first year of retirement and again, about three years later. Findings: Important changes during the first years of retirement included illness or a decline in physical health. Mobility had become a means of achieving certain goals after an illness, such as learning to walk, being able to drive or enjoying the time that was left. While some enjoyed not having commitments, others experienced difficulties in filling the day. The results indicate four dimensions of mobility: means of carrying out activities which are needed and desired; resources for creating activities; a leisure activity in itself; and subordinate to staying at home. (Edited publisher abstract)
The dynamics of ageing: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing 2002-15: wave 7
- Author:
- et al
- Editor:
- BANKS James
- Publisher:
- Institute for Fiscal Studies
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 295
- Place of publication:
- London
This report describes findings from the latest phase of data collection from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a multidisciplinary study of a large representative sample of men and women aged 50 and over living in England, conducted between June 2014 and May 2015. The longitudinal study began in 2002 and the sample is re-examined every two years. In wave 7, information was collected from 9,666 participants in ELSA, including 8,249 ‘core’ participants. The report is structured three chapters, covering: employment and labour market transitions at older ages in England; retirement, well-being, engagement and social status; socio-economic differences in healthy life expectancy and mortality. It also includes a detailed set of tables describing findings in the different domains included in ELSA, including demographics, income, pensions and wealth, social and cultural activity, cognitive function, physical and mental health, and biomarkers. (Edited publisher abstract)