Search results for ‘Subject term:"older people"’ Sort:
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Translating falls prevention knowledge to community-dwelling older PLWD: a mixed-method systematic review
- Authors:
- MEYER Claudia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 55(4), 2015, pp.560-574.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Purpose of the Study: This mixed-method systematic review aimed to integrate evidence of falls prevention efficacy with views/experiences of people living with dementia (PLWD). Design and Methods: Eight electronic databases were searched. Inclusion criteria included quantitative or qualitative studies examining knowledge translation of falls prevention strategies in community-dwelling PLWD and/or their caregiver. Study quality was assessed, and findings are narratively described. Results: Six quantitative and five qualitative studies were included. Study quality was mixed. Quantitative studies showed limited evidence of effectiveness on reduction in falls risk, falls and hospitalization rates, nursing home admission, decline in activities of daily living, and adherence to strategies. Qualitative themes showed inclusion of caregiver and health professionals as key to programme success, but many factors influence participation. Implications: Synthesising the findings generated a new understanding of falls prevention for this high-risk group. A focus upon health professional and caregiver involvement and accommodation of individual preferences may result in increased engagement with falls prevention strategies. (Edited publisher abstract)
Non‐pharmacological interventions to prevent hospital or nursing home admissions among community‐dwelling older people with dementia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
- Authors:
- LEE Den‐Ching A., TIRLEA Loredana, HAINES Terry P.
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 28(5), 2020, pp.1408-1429.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Older people with dementia more frequently experience episodes of hospital care, transferal to nursing home and adverse events when they are in these environments. This study synthesised the available evidence examining non‐pharmacological interventions to prevent hospital or nursing home admissions for community‐dwelling older people with dementia. Seven health science databases of all dates were searched up to 2 December 2019. Randomised controlled trials and comparative studies investigating non‐pharmacological interventions for older people with dementia who lived in the community were included. Meta‐analyses using a random‐effect model of randomised controlled trials were used to assess the effectiveness of interventions using measures taken as close to 12 months into follow‐up as reported. Outcomes were risk and rate of hospital and nursing home admissions. Risk ratio (RR) or rate ratios (RaR) with 95% confidence interval were used to pool results for hospital and nursing home admission outcomes. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to include pooling of results from non‐randomised trails. Twenty studies were included in the review. Community care coordination reduced rate of nursing home admissions [(2 studies, n = 303 people with dementia and 86 patient–caregiver dyads), pooled RaR = 0.66, 95% CI (0.45, 0.97), I2 = 0%, p = .45]. Single interventions of psychoeducation and multifactorial interventions comprising of treatment and assessment clinics indicated no effect on hospital or nursing home admissions. The preliminary evidence of community care coordination on reducing the rate of nursing home admissions may be considered with caution when planning for community services or care for older people living with dementia. (Publisher abstract)
Interventions to prevent and reduce excessive alcohol consumption in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- KELLY Sarah, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 47(2), 2018, pp.175-184.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background: harmful alcohol consumption is reported to be increasing in older people. To intervene and reduce associated risks, evidence currently available needs to be identified. Methods: two systematic reviews in older populations (55+ years): (1) Interventions to prevent or reduce excessive alcohol consumption; (2) Interventions as (1) also reporting cognitive and dementia outcomes. Comprehensive database searches from 2000 to November 2016 for studies in English, from OECD countries. Alcohol dependence treatment excluded. Data were synthesised narratively and using meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using NICE methodology. Reviews are reported according to PRISMA. Results: thirteen studies were identified, but none with cognition or dementia outcomes. Three related to primary prevention; 10 targeted harmful or hazardous older drinkers. A complex range of interventions, intensity and delivery was found. There was an overall intervention effect for 3- and 6-month outcomes combined (8 studies; 3,591 participants; pooled standard mean difference (SMD) −0.18 (95% CI −0.28, −0.07) and 12 months (6 studies; 2,788 participants SMD −0.16 (95% CI −0.32, −0.01) but risk of bias for most studies was unclear with significant heterogeneity. Limited evidence (three studies) suggested more intensive interventions with personalised feedback, physician advice, educational materials, follow-up could be most effective. However, simple interventions including brief interventions, leaflets, alcohol assessments with advice to reduce drinking could also have a positive effect. Conclusions: alcohol interventions in older people may be effective but studies were at unclear or high risk of bias. Evidence gaps include primary prevention, cost-effectiveness, impact on cognitive and dementia outcomes. (Publisher abstract)
Silver alerts: a notification system for communities with missing adults
- Authors:
- GERGERICH Erika, DAVIS Lindsey
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 60(3), 2017, pp.332-344.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
As the U.S. population ages, the prevalence of dementia will grow and communities will face the problem of older adults wandering or becoming lost. Silver Alert systems are programmes designed to locate missing older adults with dementia or other mental disabilities. Such programmes have been initiated in all but five states. Data collection for these programmes is often minimal or incomplete. Social workers should be involved in prevention, follow up and education with caregivers, community members and law enforcement officers. When reviewing Silver Alert policy, special attention must be given to ethical concerns and protection of older adults‘ civil rights. (Edited publisher abstract)
Healthy lifestyles to prevent dementia and reduce dementia symptoms
- Author:
- HOGERVORST Eef
- Journal article citation:
- Working with Older People, 21(1), 2017, pp.30-39.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Dementia is a growing problem worldwide, due to an ageing population. It has significant human and economic costs. There is no effective medical treatment. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach: Using earlier reviews, the author discussed the difference between dementia and cognitive ageing and the different types of dementia, in terms of manifestation and pathology. The author reviewed non-modifiable risk factors for dementia, such as age, gender, genetics and education. Education can possibly have lifelong protective effects, as it may promote cognitive reserve. This paper focussed on lifestyle interventions to further increase brain reserve capacity. Findings from earlier reviews were summarised to provide guidelines for policymakers and practioners. Findings: The reviews suggested that most nutritional approaches may have limited effectiveness, and should be implemented in midlife, before dementia symptoms are present and probably only in people who are actually nutritionally deficient. The author found a reasonable positive evidence base of engagement in cognitive and physical activities to prevent dementia, which may also help reduce symptoms of dementia. Practical implications: From the studies reviewed, it was suggested that keeping physically and mentally active may help in all stages of life to prevent, but also reduce dementia symptoms. A focus on nutrition and treating heart disease risk factors is possibly limited to midlife, or before dementia symptoms are present. Originality/value: The author used an evidence based approach to review which lifestyle interventions could help prevent dementia or reduce dementia symptoms. The main outcome of this paper was that stage of life and ability (dementia present or not) may interact with success of the intervention. (Publisher abstract)
Patients' attitudes of dementia screening across the Atlantic
- Authors:
- JUSTISS Michael D., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(6), June 2009, pp.632-637.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Dementia is a common and growing global public health problem. It leads to a high burden of suffering for society with an annual cost of $100 billion in the US and $10 billion in the UK. New strategies for both treatment and prevention of dementia are currently being developed. Implementation of these strategies will depend on the presence of a viable community or primary care based dementia screening and diagnosis program and patient acceptance of such a program. This study aimed to compare the acceptance, perceived harms and perceived benefits of dementia screening among older adults receiving their care in two different primary health care systems in two countries. A cross-sectional study was carried out in primary care clinics in Indianapolis, USA and Kent, UK. Participants were a convenience sample of 245 older adults (Indianapolis, n = 125; Kent, n = 120). Acceptance of dementia screening and its perceived harms and benefits were determined by a 52-item questionnaire (PRISM-PC questionnaire). Results showed that four of the five domains were significantly different across the two samples. The UK sample had significantly higher dementia screening acceptance scores; higher perceived stigma scores; higher perceived loss of independence scores; and higher perceived suffering scores; than the US sample. Both groups perceived dementia screening as beneficial. After controlling for prior experience with dementia, acceptance and stigma were marginalized. The authors concluded that older adults attending primary care clinics across the Atlantic value dementia screening but have significant concerns about dementia screening although these concerns differed between the two countries. Low acceptance rates and high rates of perceived harms might be a significant barrier for the introduction of treatment or preventive methods for dementia in the future.
Dementia care: a practical photographic guide
- Authors:
- GREALY James, MCMULLEN Helen, GREALY Julia
- Publisher:
- Blackwell
- Publication year:
- 2005
- Pagination:
- 188p.
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
Illustrated guide to caring for people with dementia in care homes. It presents practical prevention and management techniques for resistance to care in common activities of daily living, explores cognitive loss, physical loss and sensory loss in dementia, and examines means of improving communication with those with dementia to enhance their understanding of their environment and improve their compliance in care.
Main-streaming telecare
- Author:
- PREECE Marian
- Journal article citation:
- Working with Older People, 9(2), June 2005, pp.26-29.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Telecare is the remote monitoring and delivery of care and support services through information and communications technologies using sensor systems capable of detecting and/or interpreting changes to a service user's health or environment. This article reports on the findings of one telecare (assistive technology) project in Straffordshire. The overall objective was to demonstrate the use of telecare in helping maintain and support the independence of people with disabilities, among them older people, including those with dementia, in their own homes. Findings supported the theory that telecare makes a beneficial impact upon the shape and delivery of care and support packages to older people.
Carer burden in dementia
- Authors:
- BURNS Alistair, RABINS Peter
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(S1), July 2000, pp.9-13.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
For the carer, supporting a person suffering from dementia of an aetiology is stressful. This review summarises some of the factors associated with stress and some of the interventions aimed at alleviating distress.
Financial abuse of older people
- Authors:
- WALSH K., BENNETT G.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adult Protection, 2(1), February 2000, pp.21-29.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Provides an introduction to issues relevant to financial abuse of vulnerable adults, including indicators and remedies. Also highlights areas needing further attention both within the professional systems such as banking.