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Financial strain among unpaid family caregivers of frail elders in community
- Author:
- KANG Suk-Young
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 31(5), 2021, pp.582-598.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
In the United States, 8 out of 10 elders, 65 or older, have at least one chronic disease. Their care likely falls mostly to family members; many experience financial strain associated with providing that care. Informal caregiving saves the American healthcare system money. The economic value of family caregivers is estimated at $350 billion, exceeding the total amount spent by either Medicare ($342 billion) or Medicaid ($300 billion). The COVID-19 pandemic makes this issue even more relevant. Many of those recovering from this virus, whatever their age and previous health history, find it is a very long process. This study examined correlates of financial strain among 956 unpaid family caregivers using the framework of the stress process model. Method: The study utilized the caregiver survey data set from the 1999 National Long-Term Care Survey. Results indicate that a caregiver’s perceived overload had the largest effect on greater financial strain. Variations and dynamics in caregiver financial strain are particular to the caregiver’s family relationship. Identifying correlates of caregiver financial strain can provide an important impetus for tackling the causes and providing effective interventions. (Edited publisher abstract)
Lost: low earners and the elderly care market
- Author:
- RESOLUTION FOUNDATION
- Publisher:
- Resolution Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2008
- Pagination:
- 20p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This poll for the Resolution Foundation, which campaigns on behalf of low earners, suggests almost three quarters of people view elderly care as equal to or more important than improving hospitals, with an even larger proportion regarding the issue as just as crucial as improving dental services or extending GP opening hours. The foundation's report, Lost: low earners and the elderly care market, finds that low earners in particular are squeezed by the current system, as they become caught in a means-testing trap. This group - those on modest incomes but mainly independent of state support - are too "rich" to qualify automatically for free state care and too poor to be able to absorb care costs, the study says. It finds that low earners' primary source of wealth is their home, with few savings, yet 72% have levels of wealth that can exclude them from free care - available to those with assets of under £21,500. Low earners quizzed for the report said they found the care system complex, inaccessible and unfair, yet were seeking a fair deal rather than handouts: they were more likely than average to believe that the individual should be making a contribution to care costs. The report comes amid growing concern at the prospect of spiralling costs of elder care, as the UK's population ages. The government has promised a green paper on the issue later this year, and is facing pressure to introduce fundamental reforms to an ailing and outdated system.
Experiences of older informal caregivers to people with HIV/Aids in Lome, Togo
- Authors:
- MOORE Ami R., HENRY Doug
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing International, 30(2), 2005, pp.147 - 166.
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Place of publication:
- New York
This study examines the experiences of 50 older caregivers to people living with HIV/ AIDS in Lomé, Togo. The authors used a mixed qualitative-quantitative design to identify several challenges faced by the elderly caregivers. They were ill prepared for the caregiving demands and overburdened by enormous financial needs of people with HIV/AIDS, having been unexpectedly thrust into the role. They felt frustration, despair, and isolation because HIV/AIDS has changed the family structures and social expectations. Also, most of them reported how caring for someone with HIV/ AIDS had depleted their resources. Although they did not complain about caring for a person with HIV/AIDS, almost all wished for an institutional solution to relieve them of the burden of providing care. To alleviate the struggles of older caregivers to people with HIV/AIDS policymakers and HIV/AIDS programs need to incorporate caregivers into their policies and services.
Women in social work who have changed the world
- Editors:
- LIEBERMAN Alice A., (ed.)
- Publisher:
- Lyceum
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 240p.
- Place of publication:
- Chicago, IL
This book describes the risks taken, and sacrifices made, by women from all over the world who undertake the heavy tasks of providing housing and food for HIV positive community members and designing programs for elder care in impoverished communities. These stories, told through personal interviews, prove that determination and strength of character can trump even the most intimidating hardships and obstacles. The book: demonstrates the breadth of skills that contemporary social work develops; highlights unconventional forms of social work practice in a variety of cultural settings; illustrates the barriers to community change and realities of social work practice around the world; and inspires readers to enact change. The book contains three major sections: change our world from within: social workers in the corridors of power; women at the grassroots: building social change from the ground up; and bringing social work to the rest of the world.
Caring and pensioner poverty: a report on older carers, employment and benefits
- Author:
- CARERS UK
- Publisher:
- Carers UK
- Publication year:
- 2005
- Pagination:
- 17p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Provides evidence that one in ten older carers is having to cut-back on food to make ends meet, and nearly seven out of ten (68%) are having to cut back on other essentials such as clothes and heating.
Ageing in the UK: trends and foresight: report 7
- Authors:
- FLATTERS Paul, JOHNSON Tom, O'SHEA Ruairi
- Publisher:
- Trajectory Ltd
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 92
- Place of publication:
- London
Presents key information and data on the UK ageing population, including an analysis of current trends and the implications for the future. The report sets out the national picture, focusing on the demographic context, the state of income, pensions and retirement arrangements, and health issues. In addition, the report considers a range of aspects associated with old age, including: loneliness, dementia, older carers, volunteering, and digital inclusion. The report indicates that the population of the UK is set to increase significantly over the next decade, with much of this growth driven by an ageing population and sustained increases in the number of people over 65 years old. While the number of older people living in relative or absolute poverty has not increased since the start of the economic downturn, the minimum income standard for pensioners has risen and many of those on low incomes have trouble meeting everyday expenditure. The report suggests that higher dependency ratios will place huge demand on already strained public services, requiring greater support from the charitable sector. The impact of dementia will be a significant area of need in the future: even if incidence rates remain stable, the growth in the population of people over the age of 65 will see the number affected more than double from c.800,000 in 2012 to 2.2m in 2051. However, the report concludes that it is likely that incidence rates for dementia will increase as longevity continues to increase and diagnosis improves. (Edited publisher abstract)
Family caregivers of impoverished Mexican American elderly women: the perceived impact of adult day care centres
- Authors:
- VALADEZ Albert A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Families in Society, 86(3), July 2005, pp.384-392.
- Publisher:
- The Alliance for Children and Families
Using an interview format, this exploratory study examined the narratives of 15 Mexican American primary caretakers and the perceived effects of adult day care centers (ADCs) on the lives of their elderly, impoverished parents. Emergent themes and categories included (a) caretaking and gender differences, (b) resistance to nursing homes, (c) negative perceptions of White caregivers, (d) perceived positive effect of ADCs on the elderly parent’s physical and emotional (depression) states and the elderly parent-caregiver relationship, and (d) the negative effects of stress associated with caregiving. The data also provide insight into complicated dynamics regarding the differential treatment of daughters and sons in Mexican American families. Pearlin’s stress process model provides explanations for the buffering effects of ADCs reported by caregivers.
Paying the price: carers, poverty and social exclusion
- Author:
- HOWARD Marilyn
- Publisher:
- Child Poverty Action Group
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 141p.,list of orgs.
- Place of publication:
- London
There are approximately six million people in the UK who provide care and support for someone, usually a relative or partner, who, because of age, health or disability, are unable to cope alone. Although this form of unpaid care work saves the taxpayer an estimated £34 billion a year in health and social services, the carers themselves are often left in poverty, excluded from any active social life and often without paid employment. This publication draws on recent research that looks at the way caring impacts on the lives of different types of carers. Each different group is examined a case study is presented to illustrate the different obstacles faced. The groups covered include: young carers; parent carers; working-age carers (and work), and; carers over pension age.
Burden self-image: a mediating variable of depressive symptoms among chronically ill care recipients
- Author:
- DYESON Timothy B.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 33(1), 2000, pp.17-33.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
A model in which burden self image (perception of self as a burden on one's caregiver) is a mediating variable between depressive symptoms and health status, financial resources, spirituality, reciprocal behaviour, and appraisal of caregiver behaviour among older chronically ill care recipients was proposed and tested. Data from elders in the U.S.A. revealed that burden self image, reciprocal behaviour, and gender had a direct effect on depressive symptoms.
Meeting needs in rural areas
- Author:
- LAMONT Linda
- Journal article citation:
- Community Nurse, 2(8), September 1996, pp.10-11.
- Publisher:
- Emap Healthcare
Looks at the problems facing older people in rural areas, and the importance of nursing support for disabled or elderly people and their carers who may find it difficult to access services.