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Are Scandinavian countries different? A comparison of relative incomes for older people in OECD nations
- Author:
- HAYNES Philip
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Administration, 45(2), April 2011, pp.114-130.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Using case-based methods this research examines the provision of pensions and income support for older people in OECD countries, to see whether Scandinavian countries are qualitatively different to other OECD nations. The study also looked at whether Scandinavian countries for a separate cluster that defines their coverage for women. Scandinavia can be clearly identified in a separate cluster, but it is not alone and other countries also share its similarities. Scandinavia emerges in a cluster that provides more income replacement and protection for women. In part, this is reinforced by the high rate of labour participation by women in Scandinavian countries. However, there is little evidence of Scandinavian countries retaining noticeable differences and divergence in income protection policies for men.
The poverty of older people in the UK
- Author:
- PRICE Debora
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work Practice, 20(3), November 2006, pp.251-266.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The quality of life of older people is markedly affected by their material resources and experience of income poverty. In 1997, almost a third of those past state pension age in the UK lived in poverty. Changes to benefits and payments to older people since the advent of a Labour government have on some measures reduced these poverty rates significantly. This article critically examines this claim, posing three substantive questions: what do these measurements of poverty rates among older people mean, who are the disadvantaged in old age, and what might the future of poverty in old age look like? Poverty rates are extremely sensitive to the measures used, and particular problems for older people such as depth of poverty and persistent poverty are disguised by headcount poverty rates. Among older people, gender, social class, age and marital status are important determinants of poverty. Following the Pensions Commission's report in November 2005, the government will introduce pension reforms that will have some impact on pensioner poverty decades in the future, but will have almost no impact on current pensioners, and little impact on those who will shortly become pensioners. It is argued that older people are institutionally marginalised in these reforms. Material disadvantage accumulates not only through socio-economic correlates and life events, but also because of age, generation and cohort.
Women and pensions: a discussion paper
- Authors:
- HELP THE AGED, PRE-RETIREMENT ASSOCIATION
- Publisher:
- Help the Aged
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 54p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Lower wages, careers interrupted by caring (both for children and older people) and greater longevity all militate against women building adequate pensions, and this report also notes the growing disadvantage of divorce. The flat rate state pension redistributes from men to women, whilst earnings related pensions clearly do not.
Western European pensions privatisation: a response to Jay Ginn
- Authors:
- HYDE. Mark, DIXON John, DROVER Glenn
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Society, 3(2), April 2004, pp.135-141.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
A recent paper on state-mandated private pension schemes in Western Europe has been criticised by Ginn because it did not look specifically at the impact of private provision on women. This was not the intent, but she raises important issues that are largely ignored in economics-driven pension privatisation policy discourses. She has addressed this omission by demonstrating that private pension provision may result in significant levels of economic disadvantage among women retirees. The authors do not disagree with the broad thrust of her analysis and its conclusions. However, because she has failed to appreciate the crucial difference between voluntary and state-mandated private pension provision, her thoughtful analysis does not invalidate our proposition that the state-mandated provision of private pensions in Western Europe is consistent, to varying degrees, with the notion of collective responsibility for needs satisfaction.
European pension privatisation: taking account of gender
- Author:
- GINN Jay
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Society, 3(2), April 2004, pp.123-134.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This article argues that, despite considerable variation among countries in the nature of their private pension schemes, the latter share a failure to incorporate allowances for periods of unpaid caring work over the lifecourse. Argues comparison of the needs-satisfying capacity of private and public pensions must take account of the situation of those who raise the next generation of producers and taxpayers.
The futures of old age
- Editors:
- VINCENT John A., PHILLIPSON Chris R., DOWNS Murna, (eds.)
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 255p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
What is the future of old age? How will families, services, and economies adapt to an older population? Such questions often provoke extreme and opposing answers: some see ageing populations as having the potential to undermine economic growth and prosperity; others see new and exciting ways of living in old age. The text places these questions in the context of social and political change, and assesses what the various futures of old age might be. Prepared by the British Society of Gerontology, the book brings together a team of leading international gerontologists from the United Kingdom and United States, drawing on their expertise and research. The book's seven sections deal with key contemporary themes including: population ageing; households and families; health; wealth; pensions; migration; inequalities; gender and self; and identity in later life.
Longer working: imposition or opportunity?
- Authors:
- GINN Jay, ARBER Sara
- Journal article citation:
- Quality in Ageing, 6(2), July 2005, pp.26-35.
- Publisher:
- Pier Professional
- Place of publication:
- Brighton
In this paper, attitudes to employment and to alternative uses of time are analysed for British midlife men and women, focusing on changes during the 1990s. Data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) are used to compare the attitudes and perceptions of two cohorts of individuals aged 50-69 to paid employment; and how these vary according to age group, gender, marital status and education. To what extent did new employment and pension policies in the 1990s result in changes in midlife attitudes to paid work?
The relationship between pre-retirement earningsand health status in old age: black-white differences
- Authors:
- OZAWA Martha N., CHOI Young
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 38(4), 2002, pp.19-37.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
It is widely believed that people who earned more while they were young tend to be healthier in old age. This article questions whether this generalisation applies equally to black and white elderly people. A multivariate analysis, which included gender, marital status, age, education and number of children raised as control variables, indicated that the level of earnings during people's working lives is not related to the health impairments of black people at the time of retirement or 10 years later, but strongly related to the health impairments of white people.
Sex and gender discrimination within EU pension system
- Author:
- LEITNER Sigrid
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of European Social Policy, 11(2), May 2001, pp.99-115.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Drawing on the philosophical differentiation between sex and gender, this article focuses on structural mechanisms of gender discrimination within European pension systems. For this purpose, the article distinguishes between two dimensions of the gender category: the work behaviour dimension and the care dimension. It is argued that the differentiation between employment and family work on the one hand and specific living arrangements on the other is structurally implemented within old age security systems. The comparative analysis of pension systems in the 15 EU member states gives an idea about national varieties of structural gender differentiation.
Age Concern's comments on the pensions green paper: March 1999
- Publisher:
- Age Concern
- Publication year:
- 1999
- Pagination:
- 16p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Comments on the Green Paper "A new contact for welfare: Partnerships in pensions". Covers: adequacy standards, minimum income levels, balance between state and private provision, means-testing, the role of the basic pension, crediting carers, provision of information and advice, gender differences.