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Historical evolution of assisted living in the United States, 1979 to the present
- Author:
- WILSON Keren Brown
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 47(3), December 2007, pp.8-22.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This article provides a historical overview of the emergence of assisted living in the United States over a 25-year period to identify goals and key concepts that underpinned the emerging form of care. The method is historical analysis based on records and my own personal experiences in conceptualizing and implementing assisted living in Oregon and nationwide. The author identified four time periods: (a) 1979 to 1985, when a paradigm shift occurred on both the East and West coasts, motivated by distaste for nursing facilities and idealistic values regarding residential environments, service capacity, and consumer-centered care philosophy; (b) 1986 to 1993, when providers, consumers, and state governments became interested and four identifiable types of assisted living (hybrid, hospitality, housing, and health care) appeared, each of which informed the evolution of assisted living; (c) 1994 to 2000, a period of expansion, Wall Street money, dilution of the ideals, and emerging quality concerns; a crisis of confidence and a crossroads for assisted living; (d) 2000 to the present, a time of regrouping, slow-down in growth, and reexamination of earlier efforts to define and set standards for assisted living. Implications: Well-conceptualized and designed research may provide a mechanism to suggest practice, regulatory, and payment models. The author recommends that researchers conduct studies from the values premises underlying the assisted living approach.
Enhancing the matching model of recruitment through focus groups
- Authors:
- McCALLUM T. J., ARLIEN C. R.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 10(3), May 2006, pp.312-318.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The present paper discusses recruitment of older African-Americans for a psycho-physiological study using the matching model of recruitment proposed by Levkoff, Levy, and Weitzman (2000). The hallmark of the model by Levkoff et al. is that there must be a match between research and minority communities’ perspectives in order for successful recruitment and retention of minority participants. The model by Levkoff differs from other recruitment strategies as it incorporates perspectives from both researchers and research institutions, as well as potential minority participants. The importance of holding pre-recruitment community focus groups based upon the tenets of the matching model of recruitment are discussed in this paper, and a community-based partnership research model is presented.
Age and change: models of involvement for older people
- Authors:
- CARTER Tony, BERESFORD Peter
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2001
Let's go Dutch
- Author:
- VALIOS Natalie
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 10.2.00, 2000, p.26.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Talks to Meic Phillips, a winner of last year's Isabel Schwarz Travel Fellowship about how colleagues in Europe have developed sheltered housing.
Making a real difference
- Author:
- LEWIS Janet
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 24.6.99, 1999, p.8.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Argues that we need a model of continuing care that moves beyond existing, inadequate levels of provision and seriously addresses unmet need, and asks why the Royal Commission on Long-Term care was unable to provide it.
A conceptual model for the mobility patterns of nursing home admissions
- Authors:
- McAULEY William J., USITA Paula M.
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 38(6), December 1998, pp.726-734.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This article draws from the literature in long term care, demography and geography to develop an initial conceptual framework to explain variations in the patterns of nursing home moves in the USA. The conceptual framework is bolstered by preliminary data from state censuses of nursing homes that asked about the origins of current nursing home residents. The data suggest that a relatively high proportion of nursing home residents move to a different county in the process of moving to a nursing home. The research and applied implications of the framework are discussed.
Bringing the social back in: a critique of biomedicalization of dementia
- Author:
- LYMAN K.A.
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 29(5), October 1989, pp.597-605.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Argues that adoption of the medical model of disease leads to neglect of the important social problems it presents.
Theoretical approaches to elder abuse: a systematic review of the empirical evidence
- Authors:
- FUNDINHO Joao Filipe, PEREIRA Diana Cunha, FERREIRA-ALVES Jose
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adult Protection, 23(6), 2021, pp.370-383.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The study of theoretical models explaining elder abuse has been one of the main gaps in the literature of the field. The extent of support of each theory is not clear. This study aims to conduct a systematic review to examine research supporting or opposing six theories of elder abuse: caregiver stress theory, social exchange theory, social learning theory, bidirectional theory, dyadic discord theory and the psychopathology of the caregiver. Design/methodology/approach: This study conducts a systematic review of the literature. Seven databases were searched six times using different keywords about each theory. Findings: This paper finds 26,229 references and then organised and analysed these references using pre-established criteria. In total, 89 papers were selected, which contained 117 results of interest; these papers were summarised and assessed for conceptual, methodological and evidence quality. The results showed evidence in favour of all the explored theories, except for social learning theory, whose results indicate multiple interpretations of the theory. This study finishes this paper by proposing that each of these theories might explain different facets of elder abuse and that more research is necessary to understand how the predictions of these different theories interact. Originality/value: This paper presents an extensive review of the literature on theoretical explanations of elder abuse. The findings can be of value for selecting theories for prevention programmes or providing a summary of the evidence for researchers and practitioners interested in the theoretical explanation of elder abuse. (Edited publisher abstract)
Predicting falls in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review of prognostic models
- Authors:
- GADE Gustav Valentin, et al
- Journal article citation:
- BMJ Open, 11(5), 2021, p.e044170. Online only
- Publisher:
- BMJ Publishing Group
Objective To systematically review and critically appraise prognostic models for falls in community-dwelling older adults. Eligibility criteria Prospective cohort studies with any follow-up period. Studies had to develop or validate multifactorial prognostic models for falls in community-dwelling older adults (60+ years). Models had to be applicable for screening in a general population setting. Information source MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Web of Science for studies published in English, Danish, Norwegian or Swedish until January 2020. Sources also included trial registries, clinical guidelines, reference lists of included papers, along with contacting clinical experts to locate published studies. Data extraction and risk of bias Two authors performed all review stages independently. Data extraction followed the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies checklist. Risk of bias assessments on participants, predictors, outcomes and analysis methods followed Prediction study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool. Results After screening 11 789 studies, 30 were eligible for inclusion (n=86 369 participants). Median age of participants ranged from 67.5 to 83.0 years. Falls incidences varied from 5.9% to 59%. Included studies reported 69 developed and three validated prediction models. Most frequent falls predictors were prior falls, age, sex, measures of gait, balance and strength, along with vision and disability. The area under the curve was available for 40 (55.6%) models, ranging from 0.49 to 0.87. Validated models’ The area under the curve ranged from 0.62 to 0.69. All models had a high risk of bias, mostly due to limitations in statistical methods, outcome assessments and restrictive eligibility criteria. Conclusions An abundance of prognostic models on falls risk have been developed, but with a wide range in discriminatory performance. All models exhibited a high risk of bias rendering them unreliable for prediction in clinical practice. Future prognostic prediction models should comply with recent recommendations such as Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis. (Edited publisher abstract)
A contextual analysis and logic model for integrated care for frail older adults living at home: the INSPIRE project
- Authors:
- YIP Olivia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Integrated Care, 21(2), 2021, p.9. Online only
- Publisher:
- International Foundation for Integrated Care
Introduction: Implementation science methods and a theory-driven approach can enhance the understanding of whether, how, and why integrated care for frail older adults is successful in practice. In this study, we aimed to perform a contextual analysis, develop a logic model, and select preliminary implementation strategies for an integrated care model in newly created information and advice centers for older adults in Canton Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland. Methods: We conducted a contextual analysis to determine factors which may influence the integrated care model and implementation strategies needed. A logic model depicting the overall program theory, including inputs, core components, outputs and outcomes, was designed using a deductive approach, and included stakeholders’ feedback and preliminary implementation strategies. Results: Contextual factors were identified (e.g., lack of integrated care regulations, existing community services, and a care pathway needed). Core components of the care model include screening, referral, assessment, care plan creation and coordination, and follow-up. Outcomes included person-centred coordinated care experiences, hospitalization rate and symptom burden, among others. Implementation strategies (e.g., nurse training and co-developing educational materials) were proposed to facilitate care model adoption. Conclusion: Contextual understanding and a clear logic model should enhance the potential for successful implementation of the integrated care model. (Edited publisher abstract)