Search results for ‘Subject term:"older people"’ Sort:
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Rotational field placements: integrative review and application to gerontological social work
- Authors:
- GOUGH Heather R, WILKS Scott E.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work Education (The International Journal), 31(1), 2012, pp.90-109.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Increasing numbers of social work schools in the United States are replacing year-long field placements with rotational field placements (RFP), particularly for gerontology students, during which students move between 2 or more field internship sites within a given academic year. The rapid growth of RFP programmes reflects changing ideas about field education and social work student training needs. In the context of gerontology, RFP programme goals are multi-fold: maximising student exposure to the continuum of care across multiple service settings; increasing student experience working with diverse client populations; and facilitating development of the cross-disciplinary team collaboration skills frequently required of gerontological social workers. RFP models represent a decisive break from traditional field practicum models, raising fundamental questions with regards to educational outcomes and student experience. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the available empirical data on social work RFP programmes, summarising their benefits, risks and problem areas. It aims to provide a foundation for informed debate on the design, benefits and costs of adopting such a model across contexts. The article further includes strategies for minimising potential risks with such placements, as well as discussion of research limitations and suggestions for future research.
Predicting falls in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review of prognostic models
- Authors:
- GADE Gustav Valentin, et al
- Journal article citation:
- BMJ Open, 11(5), 2021, p.e044170. Online only
- Publisher:
- BMJ Publishing Group
Objective To systematically review and critically appraise prognostic models for falls in community-dwelling older adults. Eligibility criteria Prospective cohort studies with any follow-up period. Studies had to develop or validate multifactorial prognostic models for falls in community-dwelling older adults (60+ years). Models had to be applicable for screening in a general population setting. Information source MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Web of Science for studies published in English, Danish, Norwegian or Swedish until January 2020. Sources also included trial registries, clinical guidelines, reference lists of included papers, along with contacting clinical experts to locate published studies. Data extraction and risk of bias Two authors performed all review stages independently. Data extraction followed the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies checklist. Risk of bias assessments on participants, predictors, outcomes and analysis methods followed Prediction study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool. Results After screening 11 789 studies, 30 were eligible for inclusion (n=86 369 participants). Median age of participants ranged from 67.5 to 83.0 years. Falls incidences varied from 5.9% to 59%. Included studies reported 69 developed and three validated prediction models. Most frequent falls predictors were prior falls, age, sex, measures of gait, balance and strength, along with vision and disability. The area under the curve was available for 40 (55.6%) models, ranging from 0.49 to 0.87. Validated models’ The area under the curve ranged from 0.62 to 0.69. All models had a high risk of bias, mostly due to limitations in statistical methods, outcome assessments and restrictive eligibility criteria. Conclusions An abundance of prognostic models on falls risk have been developed, but with a wide range in discriminatory performance. All models exhibited a high risk of bias rendering them unreliable for prediction in clinical practice. Future prognostic prediction models should comply with recent recommendations such as Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis. (Edited publisher abstract)
Late-life bereavement and complicated grief: a proposed comprehensive framework
- Authors:
- SHAH Shruti N., MEEKS Suzanne
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 16(1-2), January 2012, pp.39-56.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Following a bereavement, some older adults experience grief reactions that are considered to be difficult or complicated in terms of duration and emotional intensity. The recent proposal to include the construct of complicated grief (CG) as a diagnostic category for the upcoming Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V has resulted in a proliferation of research on CG. The aim of this review is to critically examine the construct validity in light of a proposed conceptual framework that considers pre-loss conditions in the prediction of late-life grief outcomes, and to determine the degree to which research supports the inclusion of CG as a valid standardised diagnostic entity. The review critically examines current bereavement and grief models, exploring discriminant and convergent validity between CG and uncomplicated grief and other psychopathological constructs in terms of symptom intensity, symptom trajectories, bereavement outcomes, and treatment response. The findings show mixed support for differentiating CG from other outcomes of bereavement. They also emphasise the importance of considering pre-bereavement circumstances, such as pre-existing depression, in the conceptualisation of broader bereavement outcome. A comprehensive framework that emphasises pre-bereavement circumstances is proposed in order to better predict various grief trajectories and outcomes of late-life loss.
Quality of life: an annotated bibliography
- Author:
- MARTIMO Kristiina
- Publisher:
- University of Sheffield. Department of Sociological Studies. ESRC Growing Older
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 24p.
- Place of publication:
- Sheffield
Contains abstracts of papers cited. Part of the Growing Older Programme Occasional Paper series.
Defining successful aging: a tangible or elusive concept?
- Authors:
- MARTIN Peter, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 55(1), 2015, pp.14-25.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Purpose of the Study: Everyone wants to age successfully; however, the definition and criteria of successful ageing remain vague for laypersons, researchers, and policymakers in spite of decades of research on the topic. This paper highlights work of scholars who made significant theoretical contributions to the topic. Design and Methods: A thorough review and evaluation of the literature on successful ageing was undertaken. Results: The review includes early gerontological definitions of successful ageing and related concepts. Historical perspectives reach back to philosophical and religious texts, and more recent approaches have focused on both process- and outcome-oriented models of successful ageing. The authors elaborate a number of perspectives on successful ageing. Additional views on successful ageing emphasise subjective versus objective perceptions of successful ageing and relate successful ageing to studies on healthy and exceptional longevity. Implications: Additional theoretical work is needed to better understand successful ageing, including the way it can encompass disability and death and dying. The extent of rapid social and technological change influencing views on successful ageing also deserves more consideration. (Edited publisher abstract)
The care and support of older people: an international perspective
- Author:
- CENTRE FOR POLICY ON AGEING
- Publisher:
- Centre for Policy on Ageing
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 88
- Place of publication:
- London
A rapid review of the literature on international models of care and support of older people. Key findings include: in most, if not all, countries the primary form of care and support for older people is family and informal care; in most, if not all, countries the majority of care and support of older people is carried out by women, but often, in oldest age, men are more likely than women to be a carer; changing family structures and work patterns have reduced the availability of women as carers; in several countries, the shortfall of carers has led to the use of cash payments to incentivise informal care; in Europe, although marriage bonds have weakened, the multi-generational structure of the family remains strong; although co-residence of older people with their adult children has decreased, geographical proximity and the potential for everyday support remains high; care and support for older people is a reciprocal process with many older people providing child care; multigenerational households and the number of siblings to provide care is in decline worldwide but increased longevity has meant multigenerational (beanpole) families are becoming more common; the only viable option for funding the care and support needs of the current generation of older people is from current taxation and/or insurance contributions (including those paid by more affluent older people themselves). (Edited publisher abstract)
The future for meals on wheels? Reviewing innovative approaches to meal provision for ageing populations
- Authors:
- WINTERTON Rachel, WARBUNTON Jeni, OPPENHEIMER Melanie
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Social Welfare, 22(2), 2013, pp.141-151.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The global phenomenon of population ageing is impacting on how community care is delivered, and a key component of health and social care services for the frail elderly is Meals on Wheels (MOW), a service that has traditionally encompassed delivering meals to older people in their homes. However, aspects of this conceptualisation of MOW are being redefined in order to address challenges posed by tightening global financial contexts, a reliance on volunteers and increasing social isolation among ageing populations. Through a review of the literature and websites from selected countries (UK, USA, Canada, Australia), this article explores and critically evaluates models of MOW delivery addressing these challenges. Findings suggest that MOW services are utilising a marketised approach, moving outside of the home and incorporating diverse volunteer roles. These findings demonstrate how services such as MOW can develop sustainable approaches to service delivery in a contemporary context. (Publisher abstract)
Shifting from compensation to participation: a model for occupational therapy in low vision
- Author:
- SCHOESSOW Kimberly
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 73(4), April 2010, pp.160-169.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Older adults with low vision present unique challenges to occupational therapists because they are generally independent in self-care but limited in leisure, productivity and instrumental activities of daily living. This paper describes a comprehensive literature review and an assessment of the needs of older adults with low vision and proposes a model for occupational therapists. A comprehensive MEDLINE search (1990-2009) of the literature on the interaction between low vision and intrinsic and extrinsic factors was performed. Titles and abstracts were reviewed and all relevant full articles were selected. Additionally, manual searches were conducted of related occupational therapy literature. The literature review found that low vision rehabilitation focuses on technology and modifying the physical environment. However, there are many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the use of these technologies and devices such as cognition, psychology, physiology, spirituality and the social environment. The model proposes expanding occupational therapy with low vision clients to focus comprehensively on participation and integration in the home and community. A sample measurement model for occupational therapy evaluation is provided.
A systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different models of community-based respite care for frail older people and their carers
- Authors:
- MASON A., et al
- Publisher:
- National Coordinating Centre for Health Technology Assessment
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Place of publication:
- Southampton
Review found that respite for carers of frail elderly people may have a small positive effect upon carers, but found no reliable evidence that respite either benefits or adversely affects care recipients.
Models of integrated care for older people with frailty: a horizon scanning review
- Authors:
- KJELSNES Ashwanee A, FEIRING Eli
- Journal article citation:
- BMJ Open, 12(4), 2022, Online only
- Publisher:
- BMJ Publishing Group
Objectives: Frailty, a multifaceted geriatric condition, is an emerging global health problem. Integrated care models designed to meet the complex needs of the older people with frailty are required. Early identification of innovative models may inform policymakers and other stakeholders of service delivery alternatives they can introduce and locally adapt so as to tackle system fragmentation and lack of coordination. This study used horizon scanning methodologies to systematically search for, prioritise and assess new integrated care models for older people with frailty and investigated experts' views on barriers and facilitators to the adoption of horizon scanning in health services research. Methods: A four-step horizon scanning review was performed. Frailty-specific integrated care models and interventions were identified through a review of published literature supplemented with grey literature searches. Results were filtered and prioritised according to preset criteria. An expert panel focus group session assessed the prioritised models and interventions on innovativeness, impact and potential for implementation. The experts further evaluated horizon scanning for its perceived fruitfulness in aiding decision-making. Results: Nine integrated care models and interventions at system level (n=5) and community level (n=4) were summarised and assessed by the expert panel (n=7). Test scores were highest for the Walcheren integrated care model (system-based model) and EuFrailSafe (community-based intervention). The participants stated that horizon scanning as a decision-making tool could aid in assessing knowledge gaps, criticising the status quo and developing new insights. Barriers to adoption of horizon scanning on individual, organisational and wider institutional level were also identified. Conclusion: Study findings demonstrated that horizon scanning is a potentially valuable tool in the search for innovative service delivery models. Further studies should evaluate how horizon scanning can be institutionalised and effectively used for serving this purpose. (Edited publisher abstract)