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Is exercise effective in promoting mental well-being in older age? A systematic review
- Authors:
- WINDLE Gill, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 14(6), August 2010, pp.652-669.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical and cost effectiveness of exercise and physical activity interventions on mental well-being in people aged over 65 years. The researchers undertook a literature search for reports published in English, with a comparison or control group or offering qualitative evidence, concerning exercise and physical activity interventions, and including outcome measures of mental well-being. This article describes the methods used and studies identified. The meta-analysis highlights that exercise and physical activity can be effective in improving the mental well-being of people aged 65 and over, and the authors suggest that, as a minimum, the evidence indicates two exercise sessions per week of light to moderate intensity, each of a 45 minute duration. The article discusses findings and implications for policy, practice, and further research. The authors note that the effects found for selected groups of older people outside the UK would indicate that there is a need for more evidence of effectiveness from older people in the UK, particularly older males and minority ethnic groups.
Movement in mind: the relationship of exercise with cognitive status for older adults in the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC)
- Authors:
- LINDWALL Magnus, RENNEMARK Mikael, BERGGREN Tomas
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 12(2), March 2008, pp.212-220.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of light and strenuous exercise, and self-reported change in exercise status, with different components of cognitive function, and gender differences in this relation, in a large, representative sample included in the Swedish National study on Aging and Care (SNAC). Eight-hundred-and-thirteen participants in age-cohorts from 60-96 years completed a wide range of cognitive function tests, the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and survey questions concerning exercise behaviour and exercise change with light or strenuous intensity. ANCOVA, controlling for age, education, depression, functional status and co-morbidity, demonstrated a main effect for light exercise, but not for strenuous exercise, on five of the six cognitive tests and the MMSE, for men but nor for women. A negative change in exercise status was associated with lower MMSE scores for men but not for women. Individuals exercising with light intensity several times a week had the highest cognitive test and MMSE scores and the inactive group had the lowest scores. The results of the study may contribute to increased knowledge in the exercise-mental health relationship for elderly and spawn new research specifically on gender differences in this relation.
Non-pharmacological interventions for older adults with depressive symptoms: a network meta-analysis of 35 randomized controlled trials
- Authors:
- CHEN Ya-Ling, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(5), 2021, pp.773-786.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for seniors with depressive symptoms. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed. We conducted network meta-analysis in two ways, intervention classes (psychosocial, psychotherapy, physical activity, combined, treatment as usual) and individual intervention (11 categories). Whenever included studies used different scales, the different instruments were converted to the units of the scale most frequently used (the Geriatric Depression Scale), such that the effect size was reported as a mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The risk of bias of RCTs included in this review was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook. Bayesian NMA was conducted using R-3.4.0 software. Results: A total of 35 RCTs with 3,797 enrolled patients were included. Compared to conventional treatment, physical activity and psychotherapy resulted in significant improvements in depressive symptoms (MD: 2.25, 95%CrI: 0.99–3.56; SUCRA = 86.07%; MD: 1.75, 95% CrI: 0.90–2.64; SUCRA = 66.44%, respectively). Similar results were obtained for music (MD: 2.6; 95% CrI: 0.84–4.35;SUCRA = 80.53%), life review (MD:1.92; 95% CrI:0.71–3.14; SUCRA = 65.62%), cognitive behavioral therapy (MD: 1.27; 95% CrI: 0.23–2.38; SUCRA = 45.4%), aerobic (MD: 1.84; 95% CrI: 0.39-3.36; SUCRA = 63%) and resistance training (MD: 1.72; 95% CrI: 0.06-3.42; SUCRA = 59.24%). Network meta-regression showed that there were no statistically significant subgroup effects. Conclusions: Physical activity and psychotherapy demonstrated statistically significant superiority over conventional treatment. Music and life review therapy proved the most promising individual interventions. However, conclusions are limited by the lack of sufficient sample size and consensus regarding intervention categories and so an adequately powered study is necessary to consolidate these findings. (Edited publisher abstract)
Direct and indirect relationships between physical activity and happiness levels among older adults: a cross-sectional study
- Author:
- de SOUTO BARRETO Philipe
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 18(7), 2014, pp.861-868.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: The purposes of this study were to examine if physical activity (PA) is associated to happiness and to investigate if social functioning and health status mediate this association. Method: Participants of this cross-sectional study were 323 men and women, age 60 or over, who were covered by the medical insurance of the French National Education System, France. They received by mail a self-report questionnaire that asked for information about general health, PA, and happiness. Results: In multinomial logistic regressions, the total volume of PA was associated to higher levels of happiness, but this association disappeared in the presence of social functioning. A structural equation modelling (SEM) showed an indirect association between PA and happiness, which was mediated by participants’ health status and social functioning; in this SEM model, social functioning was the only variable directly associated to happiness. Conclusion: Complex associations among PA, health status, and social functioning appear to determine happiness levels in older adults. (Publisher abstract)
Environmental influences on healthy and active ageing: a systematic review
- Authors:
- ANNEAR Michael, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 34(4), 2014, pp.590-622.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This paper explores the evidence for environmental influences on older adult health and activity participation, identifies current knowledge gaps and limitations within this literature, and offers recommendations for future research via a systematic appraisal of 83 quantitative and qualitative studies. A Cochrane-type review procedure was followed, which incorporated structured database searches, inclusion and exclusion criteria, quality appraisal of included studies, and peer review. The review findings identify support for both personal and environmental influences on health and activity participation in later life. Reported personal influences include ethnicity and cultural norms, energy and motivation, sex, age, education, genetic heritage, self-efficacy, and personal financial circumstances. Reported environmental influences on activity participation include climate, level of pollution, street lighting, traffic conditions, accessibility and appropriateness of services and facilities, socio-economic conditions, aesthetics, pedestrian infrastructure, community life, exposure to antisocial behaviour, social network participation, environmental degradation, level of urbanism, exposure to natural settings, familiarity with local environment and others. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mental wellbeing and older people
- Author:
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE
- Publisher:
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2013
- Place of publication:
- London
A care pathway focusing on the role of occupational therapy and physical activity interventions in supporting the mental wellbeing of older people. It includes recommendations for NHS primary care and other professionals who have a direct or indirect role in promoting older people's mental wellbeing. This includes those working in local authorities and the wider public, private, voluntary and community sectors.
Therapist and patient perspectives on cognitive-behavioral therapy for older adults with hoarding disorder: a collective case study
- Authors:
- AYERS Catherine R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 16(7), September 2012, pp.915-921.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study investigated therapist and patient perspectives on a specialised cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) protocol for clinically significant hoarding in older adult patients. Data were derived from therapist observation, CBT consultant observation, clinical treatment notes, participant feedback and participant in-session notes and completed homework assignments. Findings revealed that the value of homework, treatment session compliance, and deficits in executive functioning were common themes among participants as viewed by the therapist. Patients reported that exposure exercises and the therapeutic relationship were the most helpful aspects of their treatment, while cognitive strategies had limited success. Treatment for hoarding in older adults may be improved by focusing on exposure therapy elements, providing simplified homework assignments, and decreasing the emphasis or modifying cognitive restructuring techniques. Implications for practice are discussed.
Cultivating health: a study of health and mental well-being amongst older people in Northern England: end of project research report
- Authors:
- MILLIGAN Christine, BINGLEY Amanda, GATRELL Anthony
- Publisher:
- Lancaster University. Institute for Health Research
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 61p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Lancaster
In 2002 ninety-three older people in Carlisle volunteered to take part in the Cultivating Health Project (CHP), which ran from January to November. The project, funded by the NHS Executive, was set up as part of the Healthy Ageing R & D programme. The aim was to study the effects of different activities on the health and mental well-being of people over 65 years of age. In particular, the study was designed to compare the relative health benefits of gardening versus social activity. Three groups were created, a gardening club, a social club and a reference group. Evidence from this study suggests that gardening and social activities have profound and positive effects on a person’s sense of worth and mental well-being. These effects support older people to cope better with chronic or debilitating physical ill health. Gardening as an activity has a number of important qualities that help to sustain older people, not just by encouraging physical fitness, but also by mental stimulation. Both the garden club and social club demonstrated that older people-led groups have definite benefits for the health and mental well-being of their members. However, to be successful they require appropriate and adequate support and resources.
Mental wellbeing and older people: quick reference guide
- Author:
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE
- Publisher:
- National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2008
- Pagination:
- 5p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This quick reference guide presents the recommendations made in ‘Occupational therapy interventions and physical activity interventions to promote the mental wellbeing of older people in primary care and residential care’. It focuses on the role of occupational therapy interventions and physical activity interventions in the promotion of mental wellbeing for older people. It is for health professionals who have a role in, and responsibility for, promoting older people’s mental wellbeing and may also be relevant for carers and family members and older people themselves. The four recommendations are: occupational therapy interventions; physical activity; walking schemes; staff training.
Physical training and well-being in older adults with mild intellectual disability: a residential care study
- Authors:
- CARMELI Eli, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 21(5), September 2008, pp.457-465.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Exercise is important for health and well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical training on general well-being and self-image in older people with intellectual disability. This study evaluated older adults with intellectual disability in residential care in Israel. The concept of well-being perceived by the participants was measured by direct interview with a questionnaire consisting of 37 structural statements. The physical training programme was conducted three times a week for 10 consecutive months. Statistical analyses suggested a positive relationship between perceived well-being and physical training between the experimental and control group. This positive relation supports the important role of physical training to improve perceived well-being among older adults with intellectual disability.