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Delineating the third age: joint models of older people's quality of life and attrition in Britain 2002–2010
- Author:
- TAMPUBOLON Gindo
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 19(7), 2015, pp.576-583.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: In the public mind, later life is being transformed by the emerging possibility of a flourishing third age with sustained quality of life. The authors draw trajectories of life quality measured using CASP-19 over eight years. They refine these trajectories by jointly modelling attrition, since older people tend to leave longitudinal studies (attrite) not at random. Methods: Growth curve models are applied to the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing waves 1 to 5. Then joint model is estimated where attrition is considered. Extensive predictors are entered including demographic attributes, social and economic status, health conditions, and behaviours. Results: Strong non-linear age trajectory of life quality is revealed by the growth curve models where the peak is achieved in the late 60s. Then the joint model uncovers the peak somewhat later in time, and also reveals secular improvement in life quality experienced by recent cohorts. Sharp estimates for many predictors of higher levels of life quality are also found. Conclusion: For the first time, the trajectories of life quality in the third age are drawn and improvement across cohorts is demonstrated. The contributions are estimated for predictors amenable to intervention such as social capital. This can help in policy discussion on improving the lives of older people in the third age. (Edited publisher abstract)
New directions for the study of incarcerated older adults: using social capital theory
- Authors:
- JANG Eunyoung, CANADA Kelli E
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 57(8), 2014, pp.858-871.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
As the population of older adults continues to rise, so, too, does the population of older adults in prison. The body of literature on older adults in corrections is scant, particularly with regard to health and social functioning. Past studies of ageing inmates primarily focus on health care and related costs. The purpose of this article is twofold: (a) outline and synthesise the research on older adults living in prison; and (b) propose a framework for future research and intervention development based on social capital theory. Recommendations for social work practice, programmes, and research are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
How common are the anxiety disorders in old age?
- Authors:
- MANELA M., KATONA C., LIVINGSTON G.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), January 1996, pp.65-70.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This community study of the anxiety disorders in people aged 65 and over found a relatively high prevalence of anxiety disorders with phobic disorders being the most prevalent subclassification. While generalised anxiety was usually seen with other psychiatric syndromes, phobic disorder was usually observed in the absence of either depression or anxiety. The results suggest that while generalized anxiety should be placed below depression in a diagnostic hierarchy, phobic disorder does not fit with this diagnostic model.
The individual experience of ageing prisoners: systematic review and meta-synthesis through a Good Lives Model framework
- Authors:
- DI LORITO Claudio, VOLLM Birgit, DENING Tom
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(2), 2018, pp.252-262.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: The existing literature on ageing prisoners tends to focus on such aspects as diagnosis and physical ill-health. In contrast, the experience of imprisonment from the perspective of ageing prisoners has received less attention. Grounded in a Good Lives Model theoretical framework, the authors reviewed and meta-synthesised literature around their experience of life in prison, its impact on their wellbeing and how prison services are currently addressing their complex needs. They further identify potential areas of improvement. Methods: 1. Systematic search on Assia, PsycInfo, MedLine, Embase, Web of Science, Google and Gov.uk. 2. Extraction and categorisation of data on NVivo. 3. Development of themes through thematic analysis and meta-synthesis. 4. Identification of potential areas of improvement. Results: The authors selected 25 studies for their review, of which 13 were from the USA, seven from the UK, two from Australia and one each from Ireland, Switzerland and Israel. Three themes were identified: the hardship of imprisonment, addressing health and social care needs, and the route out of prison. Conclusions: Ageing prisoners have unique and complex health and social care needs which, to varying degree across different countries, are mostly unmet. Promising initiatives to address their needs are emerging, but, at present time, the overall experience of incarceration for the ageing prisoner is quite poor, given the inconsistent physical, emotional and social care support offered from prison intake to release and beyond. (Edited publisher abstract)
Contributions of psychological well-being and social support to an integrative model of subjective health in later adulthood
- Authors:
- GUINDON Sophie, CAPPELIEZ Philippe
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing International, 35(1), March 2010, pp.38-60.
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Place of publication:
- New York
This study examined how psychological well-being and social support relate to subjective health among older adults. These relationships were tested using and integrative model of subjective health. The main hypothesis was that psychological well-being, operationalised as general mental health status, life satisfaction and positive psychological functioning, would have a favourable direct effect on subjective health, as well as an indirect effect through mediation by physical health problems and functional status. Data was taken from a total of 2,129 female and 1,408 male participants in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA), a longitudinal investigation comprising a nationally representative sample of adults over 64 years of age. Partial support for the model was found. Psychological well-being had both a direct effect on subjective health and an indirect effect mediated by physical health problems. Social support had an indirect association with subjective health via its effect on psychological well-being. Functional status had only a weak effect on subjective health. Longitudinal data at a six year interval revealed the same effects of these variables on subjective health. The authors comment that clinical implications of this study incite the development of social policies that would facilitate older adults’ access to life conditions and resources that are likely to promote more optimum levels of psychological well-being and, in turn, better subjective health and associated outcomes.
The influence of health, social support quality and rehabilitation on depression among disabled elders
- Authors:
- HOROWITZ A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 7(5), September 2003, pp.342-350.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study examined the influence of health, social support, disability, and vision rehabilitation services on depression among visually impaired older adults seeking vision rehabilitation services. Participants (n 1/4 95) were interviewed at application and approximately two years later. The first hierarchical regression model focused on concurrent relationships at baseline. The second model used baseline health and social support variables, along with indicators of change in vision and use of rehabilitation services, in order to predict change in depression over time. Findings indicate that being unmarried, in poorer health, having lower quality of relationships with family, and lower stability in friendships were significant independent risk factors for initial depression, explaining 50% of the variance. Decline in depression over time was predicted by younger age, better self-rated health, stability of friendships, and use of rehabilitation services that, along with baseline depression, explained 61% of the variance in depressive symptomatology at the two-year follow-up. Findings highlight the importance of qualitative aspects of social support for older disabled adults, as well as the distinction that needs to be made between factors that predict concurrent mental health status and those predicting change in status over time.
Estimating the relationship between disease progression and cost of care in dementia
- Authors:
- WOSTENHOLME J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 181, July 2002, pp.36-42.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Little is known of the longitudinal costs of dementia. These costs depend on the setting in which care is given and the progression of dementia, including cognitive and behavioural problems. This study explores the factors affecting time to institutionalisation and to estimate the relationship between costs of care and disease progression, measured by cognitive function, behavioural scores and activities of daily living. Reports on a retrospective analysis of a longitudinal data-set for a cohort of 100 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. Results found that changes in both Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Barthel scores have independent and significant effects on costs. Concludes that it may be inappropriate for economic models of disease progression in dementia to be based solely on measures of cognitive change. Highlights the Barthel index as being particularly important in predicting costs outside institutional care.
War pensions (1900-1945): changing models of psychological understanding
- Authors:
- JONES Edgar, PALMER Ian, WESSELY Simon
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, April 2002, pp.374-379.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study aims to re-evaluate the recognition of psychiatric disorders by the war pension authorities. Official statistics were compared with samples of war pension files from the Boer War and the First and Second World Wars. Official reports tended to overestimate the number of awards. Although government figures suggested that the proportion of neurological and psychiatric pensions was higher after the Second World War, the present analysis suggests that the rates may not have been significantly different.
Looking back at life and its influence on subjective well-being
- Author:
- PECK Michael D.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 34(2), 2001, pp.3-20.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Lower levels of subjective well-being are associated with increased illness and death. Studies of elder morbidity and mortality increasingly have explored the link between social and psychological aspects of life to subjective well-being, and to health and disease. This article presents a conceptual model of subjective well-being based on the process that people use to appraise their lives and on life task completion. Theories of social cognition inform the life appraisal process and provide a framework for intervention to enhance the subjective well-being of older adults.
Sense of coherence and social support - Resources for subjective well-being and health of the aged in Finland
- Authors:
- ELOVAINIO M., KIVIMAKI M.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Social Welfare, 9(2), April 2000, pp.128-135.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article examines whether the psychological and social resources of aged people (over 75 years) in Finland predict their subjective well-being and experienced state of health. Based on previous research on younger people we formed a model where morbidity, experienced quality of social support and sense of coherence together with economic resources are the predictors of both experienced state of health and subjective well-being. The model providing the most parsimonious explanation of the data suggested that a strong sense of coherence and high experienced quality of social relationships are strongly related to subjective well-being. Experienced state of health was associated with morbidity and subjective well-being, but there was no significant relationship between subjective well-being and morbidity.