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Self-neglect and cognitive function among community-dwelling older persons
- Authors:
- DONG XinQi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(8), August 2010, pp.798-806.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
While self-neglect with older people is a public health issue, it is unclear to what extent it is associated with cognitive function. As such, this study examined the cross-sectional association between self-neglect and cognitive function. The study identified 1,094 Chicago Health and Aging Project participants who had self-neglect reported to social services, which assessed the self-neglect severity. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (Perceptual Speed), and both immediate and delayed recall of the East Boston Memory Test (Episodic Memory). An index of global cognitive function scores was derived by averaging z-scores of all tests. Findings indicated that self-neglect was associated with poorer cognitive function. After adjusting for confounders, self-neglect was associated with lower global cognitive function, and perceptual speed. In addition, higher self-neglect severity scores were associated with lower global cognitive function. Greater self-neglect severity was not correlated with worse performance on MMSE, but was correlated with worse performance on both episodic memory, and perceptual speed. While self-neglect was associated with lower cognitive function, episodic memory and perceptual speed, future research is needed to examine the temporality of these associations.
Training to enhance adult memory (TEAM): an investigation of the effectiveness of a memory training program with older adults
- Authors:
- FAIRCHILD J. Kaci, SCOGIN F.R.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 14(3), April 2010, pp.364-373.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Prior research examining the effectiveness of memory enhancement programmes targeting both objective and subjective memory has yielded results with varying degrees of success. The current investigation aimed to evaluate an in-home memory enhancement programme for older adults that emphasised the importance of both objective memory ability and subjective beliefs about one’s memory. The participants, 53 community-dwelling older adults, were assigned to either a memory enhancement condition or a minimal social support condition. The memory enhancement participants met with a trainer once a week for 6 weeks, and had 3 training sessions targeting subjective memory which included information on aging, mood and nutrition, and 3 training sessions on mnemonics to target objective memory. The results showed that those in the memory enhancement condition had significant improvement in remembering names with faces and not misplacing household objects. Additionally, those in the memory enhancement condition also reported being more content with their memory, having fewer lapses in memory, greater use of mnemonic strategies, and were less bothered by memory complaints. Regression analyses indicated that neither levels of positive nor negative affect were predictive of participants' objective and subjective memory at post-treatment. The article concludes that these results provide support for the use of memory enhancement programs for older adults.
Modality of physical exercise and cognitive function in Hong Kong older Chinese community
- Authors:
- LAM Linda C. W., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(1), January 2009, pp.48-53.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study reports on the association between modality of Physical Exercise and cognitive function in 782 older Chinese adults assessed in the second phase of a population survey for dementia in Hong Kong. Profiles of physical exercise was measured by a questionnaire (no exercise, stretching, aerobic and mind-body exercise). Cognitive Assessments included the CMMSE, ADAS-Cog, and Category Verbal Fluency Test (CVFT). The aerobic and mind body exercise groups with longer exercise habits had higher scores in most cognitive tests. Beneficial effects were more significant in the young old group from 65- 75 years. It is concluded that possible age related specific effects of aerobic and mind body exercise on cognitive reserve are worthy of further exploration.
A controlled evaluation of monthly maintenance interpersonal psychotherapy in late-life depression with varying levels of cognitive function
- Authors:
- CARREIRA Kristen, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(11), November 2008, pp.1110-1113.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study evaluated the effect of maintenance Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) on recurrence rates and time to recurrence of major depression in elderly patients with varying levels of cognitive function. Two-year maintenance study of monthly maintenance IPT vs supportive clinical management (CM) in remitted depressed elderly who were participants in a previously reported placebo-controlled study of maintenance paroxetine and IPT (Reynolds et al., [2006]). Cox regression analysis was used to test interactions between cognitive status (Dementia Rating Scale score) and treatment (IPT, CM) with respect to recurrence of major depression. A significant interaction between cognitive status and treatment was observed: lower cognitive performance was associated with longer time to recurrence in IPT than in CM. Subjects with average cognitive performance showed no effect of maintenance IPT vs CM on time to recurrence. Monthly maintenance IPT confers protection against recurrence of major depression in elders with lower cognitive functioning.
Subjective memory beliefs and cognitive performance in normal and mildly impaired older adults
- Authors:
- CROOK S., MARSISKE M.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 10(4), July 2006, pp.412-423.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Previous research suggests that subjective perceptions of memory may be related to objective memory performance. In the present study, healthy community-dwelling elders (N=73, mean age=75.25 years, education=16.2 years) completed a neuropsychological assessment, including two questionnaires of subjective memory beliefs. Each participant was identified, via consensus conference, as belonging to either an amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n=16) or no mild cognitive impairment (noMCI, n=57) group. Results indicated that subjective memory capacity beliefs were significantly related to verbal memory performance in the MCI group, but not in the noMCI group. This differential relationship persisted even after controlling for depressive symptoms, and was not reflective of unequal variances in the two groups. Thus, results indicate that subjective memory beliefs may be better indicators of performance in those with possible incipient cognitive impairment than normal older adults, perhaps because persons with MCI have heightened insight into their memory functioning, and that this relationship is not due to group differences in depressive symptoms.
Reminiscence: social and creative activities with older people in care
- Author:
- SIM Roger
- Publisher:
- Speechmark
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 229p.
- Place of publication:
- Bicester
Ideas for Activities themes and resources using photographs, slides, videos, cultural trips etc. Reminiscence sessions and associated activities are an appropriate and effective way of bringing pleasure, stimulation, meaning and purpose into the lives of older people in care. This manual describes in detail the kind of activities that can be carried out, as well as the principles behind Reminiscence Work.
Physical activity and executive functions in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment
- Authors:
- SCHERDER E. J. A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 9(3), May 2005, pp.272-280.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study aimed to examine whether in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the effect of physical activity measured directly following treatment, was reflected in an improvement in cognitive functioning in general or in executive functions (EF) in particular. The study also aimed to compare the effectiveness of two types of intervention, with varying intensities: walking and hand/face exercises. Forty-three frail, advanced elderly subjects (mean age: 86) with MCI were randomly divided into three groups: a walking group (n=15), a group performing hand and face exercises (n=13), and a control group (n=15). All subjects received individual treatment for 30-minutes a day, three times a week, for a period of six weeks. A neuropsychological test battery, administered directly after cessation of treatment, assessed cognitive functioning. The results show that although a (nearly) significant improvement in tasks appealing to EF was observed in both the walking group and the hand/face group compared to the control group, the results should be interpreted with caution. Firm conclusions about the effectiveness of mild physical activity on EF in the oldest old can only be drawn after studies with larger number of subjects.
The association between singing and/or playing a musical instrument and cognitive functions in older adults
- Authors:
- MANSENS D., DEEG D.J.H., COMIJS H.C.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 22(8), 2018, pp.964-971.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: Cognitive decline happens to everyone when ageing, but to some more than others. Studies with children, adults, and professional musicians suggest that making music could be associated with better cognitive functioning. In older adults however, this association is less well investigated, which is therefore the aim of this study. Methods: In this cross-sectional study data from 1101 participants aged 64 and older from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to test the association between making music and cognitive functioning and time spent making music and cognitive functioning. ANCOVA analyses were performed to differentiate between participants who made no music, only sang, only played an instrument or both sang and played an instrument in terms of cognitive functioning. Results: Making music was significantly positively associated with letter fluency, learning and attention/short-term memory. Time spent making music yielded no significant results. The ANCOVA analyses showed higher scores for participants who only played an instrument compared to participants who made no music on learning, working memory and processing speed. For processing speed the instrument only group also had a higher score than participants who only sang. Discussion: Making music at least once every two weeks and especially playing a musical instrument, is associated with better attention, episodic memory and executive functions. The results suggest that making music might be a potential protective factor for cognitive decline; however, to support this notion a longitudinal study design is needed. (Publisher abstract)
The relationship between social functioning and subjective memory complaints in older persons: a population-based longitudinal cohort study
- Authors:
- KUIPER Jisca S., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(10), 2017, pp.1059-1071.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: Poor social functioning is associated with cognitive decline in older adults. It is unclear whether social functioning is also associated with subjective memory complaints (SMC). This study investigated the association between social functioning and incident SMC and SMC recovery. Methods: A population-based sample of 8762 older adults (aged ≥65 years) with good objective cognitive functioning at baseline (MMSE ≥26) from the LifeLines Cohort Study were followed for 1.5 years. Self-reported SMC were measured at baseline and after 1.5 years follow-up. Aspects of social functioning included marital status, household composition, social network size, social activity, quality of social relationships, social support, affection, behavioural confirmation, and status. Results: Thirteen percent (513/3963) developed SMC during follow-up (incident SMC). Multivariate logistic regression analyses (adjusted for age, gender, education level, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking status, depression, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke) showed that participants with better feelings of affection, behavioural confirmation and stable good social support had a lower risk of incident SMC. Thirty-four percent (1632/4799) reported recovery. Participants with good social functioning at baseline on all determinants reported more SMC recovery. People who remained stable in a relationship, stable in good quality of social relationships or increased in quality of social relationships more often report SMC recovery. Conclusions: Good social functioning is associated with less incident SMC and more SMC recovery over a follow-up period of 1.5 years. Albeit future confirmative studies are needed, the authors argue for also targeting social functioning when designing multidomain interventions to prevent or slow down cognitive decline. (Edited publisher abstract)
Cognitive performance in depressed older persons: the impact of vascular burden and remission. A two-year follow-up study
- Authors:
- ZUIDERSMA Marij, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(9), 2016, pp.1029-1039.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objectives: Depression is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. The present study compared two-year change in cognitive performance between depressed older persons and a non-depressed control group, between remitted and non-remitted patients, and evaluated whether vascular burden at baseline was associated with more cognitive decline in depressed older persons. Methods: Depressed patients (n = 378) aged ≥60 were recruited from mental healthcare institutes and general practices, and a non-depressed control group (n = 132) was recruited from general practices. A DSM-IV depressive episode was established with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and processing speed, working memory, verbal memory and interference control were evaluated with three neurocognitive tasks at baseline and 2 years later. A modified Framingham Risk Score, ankle-brachial index, and history of a vascular event defined vascular burden at baseline. Results: After adjusting for baseline cognitive performance, age, sex, and education level, depressed older persons had worse processing speed and verbal memory scores at follow-up than controls but did not differ in the other two-cognitive outcomes. In the sample of depressed patients, remission status at 2 years follow-up and baseline vascular burden did not predict cognitive performance at follow-up, after adjustment for baseline cognitive performance, age, sex and education level. Conclusions: The findings suggest that cognitive deficits in depressed older persons are not just a manifestation of depression. In addition, vascular burden was not associated with worse cognitive decline in a sample of depressed older persons. (Edited publisher abstract)