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Does social interaction influence the effect of cognitive intervention program? A randomized controlled trial using Go game
- Authors:
- IIZUKA Ai, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(2), 2019, pp.324-332.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of social interaction on the effect of a cognitive intervention programme using Go. Methods: A single‐blind, randomized controlled trial using a classical board game “Go” was conducted. A total of 72 community‐dwelling older adults, without previous experience playing Go, were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) a face‐to‐face group (FG) in which members attended 12 Go group lessons held once a week; (2) a non‐face‐to‐face group (NFG) in which members individually underwent the same Go lessons as the FG using a tablet computer; or (3) a health education control group (CG). The main outcome variable, working memory, was assessed before and after the interventions using the Visual Memory Span Test (VMST) and the Visual Memory Span Backward (VMSB) task. Go performance and additional cognitive domains were also examined. Results: Analysis of covariance revealed that VMST scores significantly improved after the intervention in both the FG and NFG (both P < .05). Compared with the CG, the effect size of the FG (Cohen's d = 0.89) was greater than that of the NFG (Cohen's d = 0.67). Although VMSB scores significantly improved after the intervention in the FG (P < .05), no significant changes were observed in other groups. Conclusions: This study showed that Go game could improve visual working memory regardless of social interaction. Furthermore, findings suggested that playing board games face‐to‐face with others is more effective for cognitive function than playing alone. (Edited publisher abstract)
A randomized controlled trial of a Functioning Improvement Tool home-visit program and its effect on cognitive function in older persons
- Authors:
- UKAWA Shigekazu, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(6), June 2012, pp.557-564.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study, conducted in two rural towns in northern Japan, looked at whether mini mental state examination (MMSE) scores improved in older participants of a Functioning Improvement Tool (FIT) home-visit program. A total of 252 participants living at home and receiving community preventive services were enrolled and randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=128) or a control group (n=124). Intervention group subjects received a 60-min FIT home-visit program once a month for 3 months. This included guidance, assistance, and help in writing and teaching calculation in order to complete the FIT. Control subjects did not receive any home visits. Fifty-three subjects were excluded because of withdrawal, hospitalisation, death, relocation, or missing data. 199 subjects (60 men, 139 women; age 78.6 years) were analysed. The baseline MMSE scores did not differ between the intervention and control groups (24.2 vs. 24.1). After the study period, the change in the MMSE score was significantly better in the intervention group than in the control group (0.8 vs. −0.1 ). Stratified analyses showed that the intervention strategy was most effective in subjects with mild cognitive decline, with baseline MMSE scores from 18 to 23 points. The authors conclude that this FIT home-visit program improved MMSE scores in older participants with mild cognitive decline.
Intellectual activity and likelihood of subsequently improving or maintaining instrumental activities of daily living functioning in community-dwelling older Japanese: a longitudinal study
- Authors:
- FUJIWARA Yoshinori, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(6), June 2009, pp.547-555.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study aimed to test the a priori hypothesis that increase or maintenance of the level of cognitive activity would be independently associated with a subsequent beneficial impact (i.e. improvement or maintenance) on instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) functioning. An observational study was carried out using 4-year longitudinal data from 1477 community-dwelling Japanese who were 66 years and older and living in Yoita town, a rural community located in the northwest along the Sea of Japan. Baseline assessment occurred in November 2000. Intellectual Activity and IADL were evaluated using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Index of Competence. Results showed that an Increase or maintenance of exposure to intellectual activities over a period of 2 years was associated with increased likelihood of better IADL functioning trajectory (i.e. improvement or stability) over the subsequent 2 years, even after adjustment for major confounders. The authors conclude that this study documented a longitudinal, independent association of exposure to intellectual activities with better IADL functioning over time. These findings provide preliminary support for promotion of exposure to intellectual activities among older adults as an opportunity to prevent disability in the older segment of the population. Assessment of public health programs targeting such an opportunity is warranted.
A longitudinal study regarding conversion from mild memory impairment to dementia in a Japanese community
- Authors:
- ISHIKAWA Tomohisa, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(2), February 2006, pp.134-139.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim was to estimate the rate that subjects with Mild Memory Impairment /Not Dementia (MMI/ND) shifted to dementia in a population-based cohort and to establish simple diagnostic methods for identification of high-risk persons for dementia. Subjects in a community-based elderly cohort of MMI/ND were followed longitudinally. Subjects were selected from the participants in the first Nakayama study. MMI/ND was defined as memory deficit with objective memory assessment, without dementia, impairment of general cognitive function, or disability in activities of daily living. The conversion rate was calculated using the person-year method. At baseline, the sample consisted of 104 subjects (59 female; 45 male) selected from 1162 community dwellers aged over 65 year. During the five-year follow-up, 14 subjects died, 13 moved to other communities, and six refused to participate further. Eleven (10.6%) subjects were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), five (4.8%) were diagnosed with vascular dementia (VaD), and six (5.8%) were diagnosed with dementia of other etiology. The annual conversion rate that MMI/ND shifted to AD is calculated on 8.5% per 100 person-year, and shifted to dementia on 16.1% per 100 person-year in this survey. The rate at which subjects with MMI/ND whose conditions shifted to dementia was the same as the rate that subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) shifted to dementia in a previous report. It would be useful to identify groups of high-risk individuals for dementia by simple diagnostic methods.
Creating a duet: the Couples Life Story Approach in the United States and Japan
- Authors:
- INGERSOLL-DAYTON Berit, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 15(4), 2016, p.481–493.
- Publisher:
- Sage
There is a global need for interventions that help couples who are dealing with dementia. This paper describes the way in which interventionists from the United States and Japan participated in the development of an intervention for dyads in which one person is experiencing memory loss. The 5-week intervention, the Couples Life Story Approach, helps dyads to reminisce about their life together as a couple, to work on their patterns of communication, and to develop a Life Story Book. Based on an analysis of cases conducted in the United States (n = 20 couples) and Japan (n = 9 couples), this paper highlights the cross-fertilization process that has occurred as interventionists from the two countries have shared their experiences with one another. Using case illustrations, the discussion focuses on the clinical themes that have emerged for couples in the United States and Japan. (Publisher abstract)