Search results for ‘Subject term:"older people"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 72
Increased engagement with life: differences in the cognitive, physical, social, and spiritual activities of older adult music listeners
- Authors:
- KAUFMANN Christopher N., MONTROSS-THOMAS Lori P., GRISER Sean
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 58(2), 2018, pp.270-277.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Purpose of the Study: Clinical studies have demonstrated the health benefits of music listening, especially among older adults; however, this connection has not yet been examined in a nationally representative population based sample. The purpose of this study was to measure the connections between health, listening to music, and engagement with life activities among older Americans. Design and Methods: The study used data on 5,797 participants in both the 2012 Health and Retirement Study and 2013 Consumption and Activities Mail Survey. Participants reported their lifetime prevalence of health conditions, number of hours spent per week listening to music, as well as various cognitive, physical, social, and spiritual activities. The authors categorised participants as non-listeners (those reporting zero hours of music listening), average listeners (between >0 and 28.5 hr), and high listeners (>28.6 hr) and assessed associations between these music listening categories and life activities and the prevalence of health conditions. Results: Approximately 20% of the older Americans were non-listeners, a majority (75%) reported average amounts, and 5% reported high levels of music listening. Older Americans who were average or high music listeners reported a greater number of hours engaged in several cognitive, physical, social, and spiritual activities each week. Music listeners additionally reported fewer problematic health conditions than non-listeners. Implications: Listening to music relates to increased life engagement and better health among older Americans. Given the wide-spread availability of music-based interventions for diverse populations, future studies may investigate the beneficial use of music as a public health initiative for older adults. (Edited publisher abstract)
Interventions to improve the health and wellbeing of older people living alone: a mixed-methods systematic review of effectiveness and accessibility
- Authors:
- JOHNSTONE Georgina, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 41(7), 2021, pp.1587-1636.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The global population is ageing and the likelihood of living alone increases with age. Services are necessary to help older people living alone to optimise health and wellbeing. This systematic review aimed to summarise the effectiveness and accessibility of interventions to improve the health and wellbeing of older people living alone. Relevant electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus) were searched for all years up to August 2018. Studies were included if they involved older people (aged ⩾55 years) living alone, and an intervention with measured health and wellbeing outcomes. All study types were included. The Theory of Access was used to assess interventions across dimensions of accessibility, availability, acceptability, affordability, adequacy and awareness. Twenty-eight studies met the eligibility criteria; 17 studies focused on ageing safely in place and 11 on psychological and social wellbeing. Studies comprised quantitative (N = 19), qualitative (N = 4) and mixed-methods (N = 5) approaches. Dimensions from the Theory of Access were poorly addressed in the studies, particularly those of higher-quality methodology. Studies were heterogeneous, preliminary in scope and lacked consistent study design, methodology or measurement. Services that do not address user accessibility in design or evaluation may be limited in their uptake and impact. It is recommended that dimensions of access and co-creation principles be integrated into service design processes and be evaluated alongside clinical effectiveness. (Edited publisher abstract)
Effective implementation approaches for healthy ageing interventions for older people: a rapid review
- Authors:
- OWUSU-ADDO Ebenezer, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 92, January-February 2021, p.104263.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background and objectives: Systematic reviews on healthy ageing interventions have primarily focused on assessing their effectiveness, not the implementation processes underpinning them, and the factors influencing program effectiveness. This has created a knowledge gap about what are effective implementation approaches, and how to scale up such interventions at the population level. Our aim in this rapid review was to synthesise the evidence on implementation of effective healthy ageing interventions, and to identify the factors that influence population-level implementation of these interventions. Design and methods: Following the PRISMA checklist, the researchers searched for papers in six databases: Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycArticles and PsycINFO. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise the results. Results: Twenty-nine articles reporting on 21 healthy ageing interventions (studies) were included in the review. The findings show that a wide range of approaches to implementation were used including collaborative partnership, co-design, use of volunteers, person centred-care, and self-directed/professional-led approaches. The key implementation drivers were the use of behavioural change techniques, social interaction, tailoring of interventions, booster sessions, and multi-component and multi-professional team approach to intervention design and delivery. Conclusion: The effectiveness of healthy ageing interventions is contingent on a number of factors including the type of implementation approaches used, the context in which programs are implemented, and the specific mechanisms that may be at play at the individual older adult level. (Edited publisher abstract)
Effective peer leader attributes for the promotion of walking in older adults
- Authors:
- KRITZ Marlene, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 60(6), 2020, pp.1137-1148.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Peer-led interventions are promising for the promotion of physical activity behavior in older adults. However, little is known about the attributes of effective older peer leaders in such intervention programs. The objective was to determine what older adults perceive to be effective peer leader attributes. Research Design and Methods: A mixed-methods concurrent triangulation design was used. articipants, aged 60 years and older, were recruited from retirement villages and existing walking groups in Western Australia. They were predominantly white, Australian-born, female, healthy retirees. The sample consisted of four groups of older adults: those who had taken part in past peer-led walking programs (experienced walkers; n = 18), those interested in joining as walkers in a peer-led walking intervention (inexperienced walkers; n = 43), those interested to take on a peer leader role (inexperienced peer leaders; n = 25), and those who had already served as peer leaders (experienced peer leaders; n = 15). Questionnaires measured perceived effective leadership attributes, and physical activity was measured using ActivPAL devices (N = 101; Mage [SD] = 75.36 [7.59]). Semistructured interviews were conducted with the majority of participants (N = 68; Mage [SD] = 74.68 [7.78]).Results: Overall, participants described an effective peer leader as optimistic, compassionate, and friendly, but differences in perceptions were apparent between the groups. Discussion and Implications: The authors findings advance knowledge about important characteristics of an effective older peer leader, which can inform peer leader training, recruitment of peer leaders, and future scale development. (Edited publisher abstract)
Health promotion for mild frailty based on behaviour change: perceptions of older people and service providers
- Authors:
- AVGERINOU Christina, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 27(5), 2019, pp.1333-1343.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Mild frailty is common among older people, but it is potentially reversible with health promotion interventions. Behaviour change may be a key to preventing progression of frailty; however, we know little about what interventions work best and how a behaviour change approach would be perceived by this group. The aim of this study was to explore how mildly frail older people perceive health promotion based on behaviour change and what factors affect engagement with this approach. The study conducted semi‐structured interviews with 16 older people with mild frailty who received a pilot home‐based behaviour change health promotion service, including a dyad of older person/family carer, and two service providers delivering the service in two diverse areas of South England. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. The concept of goal setting was acceptable to most participants, though the process of goal setting needed time and consideration. Goals on maintaining independence, monitoring of progress and receiving feedback were reported to increase motivation. Physical/mental capability and knowledge/perception of own needs were main determinants of the type of goals chosen by participants as well as the approach used by the project workers. Older people with complex needs benefited from care coordination, with a combination of goal setting and elements of social, practical and emotional support in varying proportions. Mildly frail older people responded well to a behaviour change approach to promote health and well‐being. Further consideration is needed of the most effective strategies based on complexity of needs, and how to overcome barriers among people with cognitive impairment. (Edited publisher abstract)
Specifying the content of home-based health behaviour change interventions for older people with frailty or at risk of frailty: an exploratory systematic review
- Authors:
- GARDNER Benjamin, et al
- Journal article citation:
- BMJ Open, 7(2), 2017, Online only
- Publisher:
- BMJ Publishing Group
Objectives: To identify trials of home-based health behaviour change interventions for frail older people, describe intervention content and explore its potential contribution to intervention effects. Design: 15 bibliographic databases, and reference lists and citations of key papers, were searched for randomised controlled trials of home-based behavioural interventions reporting behavioural or health outcomes. Setting Participants' homes. Participants: Community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years with frailty or at risk of frailty. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Trials were coded for effects on thematically clustered behavioural, health and well-being outcomes. Intervention content was described using 96 behaviour change techniques, and 9 functions (eg, education, environmental restructuring). Results: 19 eligible trials reported 22 interventions. Physical functioning was most commonly assessed (19 interventions). Behavioural outcomes were assessed for only 4 interventions. Effectiveness on most outcomes was limited, with at most 50% of interventions showing potential positive effects on behaviour, and 42% on physical functioning. 3 techniques (instruction on how to perform behaviour, adding objects to environment, restructuring physical environment) and 2 functions (education and enablement) were more commonly found in interventions showing potential than those showing no potential to improve physical function. Intervention content was not linked to effectiveness on other outcomes. Conclusions: Interventions appeared to have greatest impact on physical function where they included behavioural instructions, environmental modification and practical social support. Yet, mechanisms of effects are unclear, because impact on behavioural outcomes has rarely been considered. Moreover, the robustness of our findings is also unclear, because interventions have been poorly reported. Greater engagement with behavioural science is needed when developing and evaluating home-based health interventions. (Edited publisher abstract)
The effect of aquatic exercise on physical functioning in the older adult: a systematic review with meta-analysis
- Authors:
- WALLER Benjamin, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 45(5), 2016, pp.593-601.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background: Ageing and sedentary behaviour cause negative changes in the neuromuscular systems of healthy older adults resulting in a decrease in physical functioning. Exercising in water (aquatic exercise, AE) has been shown to be effective at improving physical functioning in this population; however, no systematic review with meta-analysis has been published. Purpose: To investigate the effect of AE on physical functioning in healthy older adults compared to control or land-based exercise (LE) through a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources: Medline, Embase, Cinahl, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, published before 31st December 2015. Study selection: In total, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review; 24 studies with 1,456 subjects (89% female) and with mean age 66.4 years were included in the meta-analysis. Data extraction: Data were extracted and checked for accuracy by three independent reviewers. Data synthesis: Size of treatment effect was measured using the standardised mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Compared to control interventions, AE had a moderate positive effect on physical functioning 0.70 [95% CI 0.48 to 0.92]. Compared to LE, AE had a small positive effect on physical functioning 0.39 [0.12 to 0.66]. Limitations: There is a high risk of bias and low methodological quality in the studies particularly when comparing AE to LE with possible over estimation of the benefit of AE. Conclusions: AE may improve physical functioning in healthy older people and is at least as effective as LE. (Publisher abstract)
Occupation-focused health promotion for well older people: a cost-effectiveness analysis
- Authors:
- ZINGMARK Magnus, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 79(3), 2016, pp.153-162.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate three occupational therapy interventions, focused on supporting continued engagement in occupation among older people, to determine which intervention was most cost effective, evaluated as the incremental cost/quality adjusted life year gained. Method: The study was based on an exploratory randomised controlled trial. Participants were 77–82 years, single living and without home help. One hundred and seventy seven persons were randomised to an individual intervention, an activity group, a discussion group or a no intervention control group. All interventions focused on supporting the participants to maintain or improve occupational engagement. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline, three and 12 months and included general health and costs (intervention, municipality and health care). Based on linear regression models, we evaluated how outcomes had changed at each follow-up for each intervention group in relation to the control group. Results: Both group interventions resulted in quality adjusted life years gained at three months. A sustained effect on quality adjusted life years gained and lower total costs indicated that the discussion group was the most cost-effective intervention. Conclusion: Short-term, occupation-focused occupational therapy intervention delivered in group formats for well older people resulted in quality-adjusted life years gained. A one-session discussion group was most cost effective. (Publisher abstract)
An evaluation of Wigan Council’s Partnership for Older People Project
- Authors:
- BEECH Roger, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Research Policy and Planning, 29(2), 2012, pp.69-81.
- Publisher:
- Social Services Research Group
Wigan Council participated in the Department of Health for England’s Partnership for Older People Project (POPP) and piloted eleven community based schemes for promoting older people’s health and well-being and reducing their need for higher intensity forms of care. This paper describes evaluation activity that guided decisions about the development and ongoing sustainability of these schemes. A mixed method, observational study design generated information about the number and characteristics of POPP service users and the ‘value’ and ‘effectiveness’ of POPP schemes from the perspectives of older people and other POPP stakeholders. From May 2006 through January 2008 there were 7,572 referrals to POPP schemes. A survey covering 1,362 service users and interviews with whole system stakeholders revealed high levels of support for POPP schemes in terms of their relevance, value and ability to promote partnership working between agencies. Results also offered ‘plausible’ evidence that some schemes were helping to reduce older people’s use of more intensive and higher cost services. Implications: evaluation results supported a decision that all POPP schemes should be sustained when pilot funding from the Department of Health ended. The study also demonstrated the importance of local evaluation activity when developing new services. (Edited publisher abstract)
A social health services model to promote active ageing in Mexico: design and evaluation of a pilot programme
- Authors:
- PEREZ-CUEVAS Ricardo, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 35(7), 2015, pp.1457-1480.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The objective of the study was to design and evaluate a pilot programme aimed at promoting the active ageing of older adults at the Mexican Institute of Social Security. The study was conducted in three stages: (a) design; (b) implementation; and (c) before–after evaluation through analysis of changes in functional status, occupational functioning and health-related quality of life. To overcome the limitations of the study design, the authors evaluated the effect of 80 per cent adherence to the programme on the outcome variables using the generalised linear regression models (GLM). Two hundred and thirty-nine older adults agreed to participate, of whom 65 per cent completed the programme. Most were women; the average age was 77 years. Adherence to the programme was higher than 75 per cent for the group who completed active ageing services and less than 60 per cent for the drop-out group. Overall, 46 per cent of older adults reached an adherence level of 80 per cent or higher. Adherence was significantly associated with improved quality of life total score (coefficient 2.7, p<0.0001) and occupational functioning total score (coefficient 2.2, p<0.0001). Participation of older adults in an active ageing programme may improve their health-related quality of life and occupational functioning. It is necessary to identify the potential barriers and to implement strategies to improve the recruitment and retention rates during the intervention. (Edited publisher abstract)