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Using spaced retrieval and Montessori-based activities in improving eating ability for residents with dementia
- Authors:
- LIN Li-Chan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), October 2010, pp.953-959.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study aimed to construct a training protocol for spaced retrieval (SR). It also investigated the effectiveness of SR and Montessori-based activities in decreasing eating difficulty in older residents with dementia. Eighty-five residents with dementia were chosen from three special care units for residents with dementia in long-term care facilities in Taiwan. The institutions were randomised into three groups: spaced retrieval; Montessori-based activities; and a control group. The invention consisted of three 30 to 40 min sessions per week, for 8 weeks. Results revealed that after the intervention, the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia scores and assisted feeding scores for the SR and Montessori-based activity groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. However, the frequencies of physical assistance and verbal assistance for the Montessori-based activity group were significantly higher than that of the control group, suggesting residents who received Montessori-based activity needed more physical and verbal assistance during mealtimes. In conclusion, this study confirmed the efficacy of SR and Montessori-based activities for eating difficulty and eating ability.
Interventions to reduce the number of falls among older adults with/without cognitive impairment: an exploratory meta-analysis
- Authors:
- GUO Jong-Long, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(7), 2014, pp.661-669.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: This exploratory meta-analysis aimed to examine and compare the effective interventions to prevent falls among institutionalized/non-institutionalised older adults without cognitive impairment with interventions to prevent falls for older adults with cognitive impairment. Design: A database search identified 111 trials published between January 1992 and August 2012 that evaluated fall-prevention interventions among institutionalised/non-institutionalised older adults with and without cognitive impairment as measured by valid cognition scales. Results: Exercise alone intervention was similar effective on reducing the numbers of falls among older adults without cognitive impairment regardless of setting (non-institutionalized: OR = 0.783, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.656–0.936; p = 0.007 institutionalized: OR = 0.799, 95% CI = 0.646–0.988, p = 0.038). Vitamin D/calcium supplementation had a positive effect on the reduction of numbers of falls among non-institutionalized older adults without cognitive impairment (OR = 0.789, 95% CI = 0.631–0.985, p = 0.036), as did home visits and environment modification (OR = 0.751, 95% CI = 0.565–0.998, p = 0.048). Exercise alone, exercise-related multiple interventions, and multifactorial interventions were associated with positive outcomes among both institutionalised and non-institutionalized older adults with cognitive impairment, but studies are limited. Conclusions: Single exercise interventions can significantly reduce numbers of falls among older adults with and without cognitive impairment in institutional or non-institutional settings. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation, home visits, and environment modification can reduce the risk of falls among older adults in non-institutional settings. Exercise-related multiple interventions and multifactorial interventions may only be effective for preventing falls in older adults with cognitive impairment. (Edited publisher abstract)
Effects of gerotranscendence support group on gerotranscendence perspective, depression, and life satisfaction of institutionalized elders
- Authors:
- WANG Jing-Jy, LIN Yun-Hsuan, HSIEH Ling-Yu
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 15(5), July 2011, pp.580-586.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Gerotranscendence (GT) can be described as ontological change in three dimensions. The cosmic level refers to time, space, life and death; the coherence level to changed meaning of relationships; and the solitude level to self. This study tested the clinical use of the GT theory and its influence on GT perspective, depression, and life satisfaction among a group of institutionalised older Chinese people in Taiwan. Over an eight-week period, 35 subjects in the experimental group and 41 in the control group completed the study. Data were collected one week before and one week after the intervention. Pre- and post-test scores on the GT perspective and life satisfaction were significantly increased in the experimental group. The mean depression score of the experimental group showed a slight but not significant decrease. However, significant post-test differences were noted between groups in GT perspective, depression, and life satisfaction. Results indicated that after participating in a GT group, institutionalised older peoples’ GT perspective and life satisfaction were enhanced, and depression reduced. The authors encourage ongoing GT interventions to promote mental and spiritual health among the target group.
Effect of board game activities on cognitive function improvement among older adults in adult day care centers
- Author:
- CHING-TENG Yao
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Health Care, 58(9), 2019, pp.825-838.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Stimulating leisure activities are considered as possible protective factors against dementia and cognitive decline in older adults, particularly due to the enhancement of cognitive reserve. This study tested the effectiveness of board game activities improving the cognitive function of older adults in adult day care centres. This was a quasi‐experimental study. A purposive sampling strategy was used to select 82 subjects who were aged 65 and above with intact mental functions and currently residing in adult day care centres. 41 subjects who participated in a selection of 12 board game activities were assigned to the experimental group and 41 subjects who adhered to their ordinary activities were allocated to the control group. Structured questionnaires of the board game programs were used for data collection. The board game programs showed promising effects in the cognitive function of older adults living in adult day care centres. A possible beneficial effect of board game playing on the risk of dementia could be mediated by a less cognitive decline in older adults. Board game activities may benefit the cognitive function of older adults. Incorporating board game activities into social work care may help develop long‐term care into a more diverse, unique and innovative direction. (Edited publisher abstract)
Positive effects of art therapy on depression and self-esteem of older adults in nursing homes
- Authors:
- CHING-TENG Yao, YA-PING Yang, YU-CHIA Chen
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Health Care, 58(3), 2019, pp.324-338.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Depression and self‐esteem affects the health and quality of life of older adults who live in nursing homes. This study tested the effectiveness of art therapy activities on reducing the depression and improving the self-esteem of elderly living in long‐term care institutes. This was a quasi‐experimental study. A purposive sampling strategy was used to select 55 subjects who were aged 65 and above with intact mental functions and depression tendencies and currently residing in nursing homes in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 29 subjects who participated in a selection of 12 artistic activities were assigned to the experimental group and 26 subjects who adhered to their ordinary activities were allocated to the control group. Structured questionnaires of the artistic group were used for data collection. The art therapy programmes showed promising effects in improving the depression and self‐esteem of older adults living in nursing homes. Art therapy activities benefit the mental health of older adults. Incorporating artistic activities into social work care may help develop long‐term care into a more diverse, unique, and innovative direction. (Publisher abstract)
Evaluation of a combined cognitive-behavioural and exercise intervention to manage fear of falling among elderly residents in nursing homes
- Authors:
- HUANGA Tzu-Ting, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 20(1), 2016, pp.2-12.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: Although the fear of falling is common among elderly residents in long-term care facilities, interventions developed for fear of falling management is very rare. Of these limited interventions, most were exercise interventions with only limited testing. The cognitive-behavioural intervention can decrease the fear of falling; however no intervention of the kind was developed and assessed to decrease fear of falling among the elderly in long-term care facilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural strategies either with or without exercise in reducing fear of falling among elderly residents in nursing homes. Method: A prospective randomized control trial was conducted in six nursing homes in northern Taiwan. Seventy-five elderly participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: the comparison group, the cognitive-behavioural strategies with or without exercise group. The fear of falling, falls, depressive inclination, mobility, and muscle strength of extremities were collected at the two-month and five-month follow-up sessions, in which the progress of the patients were assessed. Results: The mixed model analysis revealed that elderly adults in the combination experimental group had significant improvements compared with the other two groups on fear of falling, depressive inclination, mobility, and muscle strength at five months. The incidences of falls, post intervention, in both experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the comparison group. Conclusions: The results suggest that the combination intervention helped elderly residents manage their fear of falling and falls, decrease their depressive inclination, and enhance their mobility and muscle strength. (Publisher abstract)