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Tackling loneliness evidence review
- Authors:
- QUALTER Pamela, et al
- Publisher:
- GREAT BRITAIN. Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
- Publication year:
- 2022
- Pagination:
- 31
- Place of publication:
- London
This report aims to establish the evidence gaps in the field of loneliness, including those related to interventions; examine what existing evidence can be built on and what needs to be developed from first principles; determine which evidence gaps should be prioritised; and establish which pre-existing quantitative datasets could be used to address the prioritised evidence gaps, and identify which prospective cohort studies would be enhanced by inclusion of a measure of loneliness. As well as continuing to improve measurement, the review has identified eight priority areas: life course approach – looking at how loneliness changes over people’s lives; social stigma; societal culture – the impact of a collectivist vs individualistic society; mental health; place and context; workplace; economic evaluation; effectiveness of loneliness interventions. The number of studies examining interventions for loneliness has increased significantly in recent years and is diverse in terms of participant groups and intervention types, although most are for older people and western countries for groups or individuals. There are some school and community-based interventions with broad target groups. Social support and social network intervention strategies are most used because they are group face to face interventions, although digital is increasing. (Edited publisher abstract)
The effectiveness of dyadic interventions for people with dementia and their caregivers
- Authors:
- MOON Heehyul, ADAMS Kathryn Betts
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 12(6), 2013, pp.821-839.
- Publisher:
- Sage
To review the effects of dyadic interventions on caregivers and care recipients in the early stages of dementia searches were carried out on four databases (AgeLine, Medline, EBSCO, and PyscINFO) and relevant literature from 2000 onwards reviewed. The twelve studies identified used a variety of intervention approaches including support group, counseling, cognitive stimulation, skill training, and notebook-keeping. This review suggests that intervention programs for early-stage dementia caregiving dyads were feasible and well accepted by participants. The reviewed studies provided rich evidence of the significance of mutual understanding and communication to partners’ well-being and relationship quality within the caregiving process. The findings suggest that these intervention approaches improved cognitive function of the care recipients, social relations, and the relationship between the primary caregivers and the care recipients, although evidence of long-term effectiveness is lacking. (Edited publisher abstract)
Interventions to support recovery following an episode of delirium: a realist synthesis
- Authors:
- O'ROURKE Gareth, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(10), 2021, pp.1769-1785.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: Persistent delirium is associated with poor outcomes in older adults but little is known about how to support longer-term recovery from delirium. The aim of this review was to identify and synthesise literature to understand mechanisms of recovery from delirium as a basis for designing an intervention that enables more effective recovery. Methods: A systematic search of literature relevant to the research question was conducted in two phases. Phase one focused on studies evaluating the efficacy of interventions to support recovery from delirium, and stage two used a wider search strategy to identify other relevant literature including similar patient groups and wider methodologies. Synthesis of the literature followed realist principles. Results: Phase one identified four relevant studies and stage two identified a further forty-six studies. Three interdependent recovery domains and four recovery facilitators were identified. Recovery domains were 1) support for physical recovery through structured exercise programmes; 2) support for cognitive recovery through reality orientation and cognitive stimulation; 3) support for emotional recovery through talking with skilled helpers. Recovery facilitators were 1) involvement and support of carers; 2) tailoring intervention to individual needs, preferences and abilities; 3) interpersonal connectivity and continuity in relationships and; 4) facilitating positive expressions of self. Conclusions: Multicomponent interventions with elements that address all recovery domains and facilitators may have the most promise. Future research should build on this review and explore patients’, carers’, and professionals’ tacit theories about the persistence of delirium or recovery from delirium in order to inform an effective intervention. (Edited publisher abstract)
Effects of mindfulness meditation interventions on depression in older adults: a meta-analysis
- Authors:
- REANGSING Chuntana, RITTIWONG Tanapa, SCHNEIDER Joanne Kraenzle
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(7), 2021, pp.1181-1190.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objective: We examined the effects of MMIs on depression in older adults and explored the moderating effects of participant, methods, and intervention characteristics. Methods: We systematically searched 15 databases through June 2019 without date restrictions using the following search terms: (mindful* OR meditat*) AND depress* AND (older adult* OR elder OR aging OR senior OR geriatric*). Inclusion criteria were primary studies evaluating MMIs with adults ≥65 years old with depression measured as an outcome, a control group, and written in English. Two researchers independently coded each study and compared for discrepancies and consulted a third researcher in cases of disagreement. We used random-effects model to compute effect sizes (ESs) using Hedges’ g, a forest plot, and Q and I2 statistics as measures of heterogeneity; we also examined moderator analyses. Results: Nineteen studies included 1,076 participants (71.8 ± 5.2 years old). Overall, MMIs showed significantly improved depression (ES=.65, 95%CI 0.35, 0.94) compared to controls. With regards to moderators, Asians had a greater improvement in depression (1.28) than Europeans (.59) and North Americans (.32). Less than 5 weeks of MMIs showed greater improvement in depression (1.47) than longer periods (.55). MMIs with guided meditation reduced depression (.91) more than MMIs without (.42). Only one quality indicator, a priori power analysis, showed greater effects on depression (g = 1.0) than no power analysis (g=.35). Conclusion: MMIs improved depressive symptoms in older adults. MMIs might be used as adjunctive or alternative to conventional treatment for depressed older adults. (Edited publisher abstract)
Research priorities for elder abuse screening and intervention: a Geriatric Emergency Care Applied Research (GEAR) network scoping review and consensus statement
- Authors:
- KAYSER Jay, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 33(2), 2021, pp.123-144.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The Geriatric Emergency Care Applied Research (GEAR) Network (1) conducted a scoping review of the current literature on the identification of and interventions to address elder abuse among patients receiving care in emergency departments and (2) used this review to prioritize research questions for knowledge development. Two questions guided the scoping review: What is the effect of universal emergency department screening compared to targeted screening or usual practice on cases of elder abuse identified, safety outcomes, and health care utilization?; and What is the safety, health, legal, and psychosocial impact of emergency department-based interventions vs. usual care for patients experiencing elder abuse? We searched five article databases. Additional material was located through reference lists of identified publications, PsychInfo, and Google Scholar. The results were discussed in a consensus conference; and stakeholders voted to prioritize research questions. No studies were identified that directly addressed the first question regarding assessment strategies, but four instruments used for elder abuse screening in the emergency department were identified. For the second question, we located six articles on interventions for elder abuse in the emergency department; however, none directly addressed the question of comparative effectiveness. Based on these findings, GEAR participants identified five questions as priorities for future research – two related to screening, two related to intervention, and one encompassed both. In sum, research to identify best practices for elder abuse assessment and intervention in emergency departments is still needed. Although there are practical and ethical challenges, rigorous experimental studies are needed. (Edited publisher abstract)
A scoping review of outcomes in elder abuse intervention research: the current landscape and where to go next
- Authors:
- BURNES David, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 57, 2021, p.101476.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers worldwide recognize elder abuse (EA) as a major threat to the health and well-being of older adults, but rigorous intervention research has greatly lagged behind this interest. A major weakness is the lack of cohesive understanding of appropriate program outcomes to be measured. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a scoping review of the EA intervention research literature to understand the range of outcomes considered to date and to provide guidance for future research. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid PsycInfo, Ovid Social Work Abstracts, Ebsco AgeLine, Ebsco CINAHL, Wiley Cochrane Central, and Proquest Sociological Abstracts for studies evaluating community-based EA response programs. Two independent reviewers completed record search, screening, and data extraction procedures. We identified 52 eligible studies (1986–2019) that employed a total of 184 outcomes (range: 1–16, mean = 3.5). This study revealed that a large range of outcomes has been employed in EA intervention studies to date, mostly attached to victims or the intervention process itself, with inconsistent operational definitions and measurement procedures. Several key recommendations for future EA intervention research are: 1) implementing intervention outcomes that reflect multiple levels of eco-systemic influence, 2) heightening the analysis of intervention process outcomes beyond description toward modeling them as factors that mediate or moderate successful case outcomes, 3) conducting qualitative research with EA victims and other relevant stakeholders to understand meaningful intervention outcomes from their perspectives, and 4) establishing common EA outcome measures for implementation across studies to facilitate greater data pooling and synthesis. (Edited publisher abstract)
Yoga as an intervention for older peoples mental health: a literature review
- Author:
- BELAM Georgia
- Journal article citation:
- Working with Older People, 24(3), 2020, pp.159-169.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Yoga practice has become increasingly popular around the world for the benefits it can bring for physical and mental health. However, little research has been done regarding the use of yoga as a therapy for elderly people with mental health problems. This literature review will therefore attempt to answer the questions: what research has been done to look into the use of yoga as therapy for elderly people with a diagnosis of mental health problems, what does this research show and what future directions may this work take in the future. Design/methodology/approach: The review describes four research studies that have been done looking at the use of yoga as an intervention in older people with diagnosed mental health problems and one upcoming larger study. Findings: Therefore, it is shown that the research in this area is so far still in its infancy, but that yoga has potential to be a useful potential treatment for older people with mental health problems. Originality/value: As with all research into treatments for mental health problems, involvement of patients and their carers will be vital to ensure that the direction of the research is one that will be valuable, and that the traditions of yoga that have been of so much benefit to so many can be used to help a group of people who are often vulnerable and who sometimes do not receive all the treatment that they deserve. (Edited publisher abstract)
Loneliness and social isolation interventions for older adults: a scoping review of reviews
- Authors:
- FAKOYA Olujoke A., MCCORRY Noleen K., DONNELLY Michael
- Journal article citation:
- BMC Public Health, 20(129), 2020, Online only
- Publisher:
- BioMed Central Ltd
Background: Loneliness and social isolation are growing public health concerns in our ageing society. Whilst these experiences occur across the life span, 50% of individuals aged over 60 are at risk of social isolation and one-third will experience some degree of loneliness later in life. The aim of this scoping review was to describe the range of interventions to reduce loneliness and social isolation among older adults that have been evaluated; in terms of intervention conceptualisation, categorisation, and components. Methods: Three electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase and Medline) were systematically searched for relevant published reviews of interventions for loneliness and social isolation. Inclusion criteria were: review of any type, published in English, a target population of older people and reported data on the categorisation of loneliness and/or social isolation interventions. Data extracted included: categories of interventions and the reasoning underpinning this categorisation. The methodology framework proposed by Arskey and O’Malley and further developed by Levac, et al. was used to guide the scoping review process. Results: A total of 33 reviews met the inclusion criteria, evaluating a range of interventions targeted at older people residing in the community or institutionalised settings. Authors of reviews included in this paper often used the same terms to categorise different intervention components and many did not provide a clear definition of these terms. There were inconsistent meanings attributed to intervention characteristics. Overall, interventions were commonly categorised on the basis of: 1) group or one-to-one delivery mode, 2) the goal of the intervention, and 3) the intervention type. Several authors replicated the categorisation system used in previous reviews. Conclusion: Many interventions have been developed to combat loneliness and social isolation among older people. The individuality of the experience of loneliness and isolation may cause difficulty in the delivery of standardised interventions. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to addressing loneliness or social isolation, and hence the need to tailor interventions to suit the needs of individuals, specific groups or the degree of loneliness experienced. Therefore, future research should be aimed at discerning what intervention works for whom, in what particular context and how. (Edited publisher abstract)
Can mindfulness-based interventions influence cognitive functioning in older adults? A review and considerations for future research
- Authors:
- BERK Lotte, BOXTEL Martin van, OS Jim van
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 21(11), 2017, pp.1113-1120.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: An increased need exists to examine factors that protect against age-related cognitive decline. There is preliminary evidence that meditation can improve cognitive function. However, most studies are cross-sectional and examine a wide variety of meditation techniques. This review focuses on the standard eight-week mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). Method: The authors searched the PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, COCHRANE, and PubMed databases to identify original studies investigating the effects of MBI on cognition in older adults. Results: Six reports were included in the review of which three were randomised controlled trials. Studies reported preliminary positive effects on memory, executive function and processing speed. However, most reports had a high risk of bias and sample sizes were small. The only study with low risk of bias, large sample size and active control group reported no significant findings. Conclusion: The authors conclude that eight-week MBI for older adults are feasible, but results on cognitive improvement are inconclusive due a limited number of studies, small sample sizes, and a high risk of bias. Rather than a narrow focus on cognitive training per se, future research may productively shift to investigate MBI as a tool to alleviate suffering in older adults, and to prevent cognitive problems in later life already in younger target populations. (Edited publisher abstract)
A scoping review of treatments for older adults with substance use problems
- Authors:
- MOWBRAY Orion, QUINN Adam
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 26(1), 2016, pp.74-87.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Objectives: To identify effective treatment services for older, substance-using adults, an examination of the evidence associated with interventions for this group is presented. Methods: Using explicit, validated criteria to identify effective interventions, 22 publications were included in a review and were subject to a critical appraisal of study methodology. Results: The review identified four types of substance use treatment service settings for older adults, with mixed efficacy. These settings included (1) primary care settings or health clinics, (2) combined individual and group-based settings, (3) individual-based treatment settings, and (4) multiple treatment/multisite settings. Conclusion: Analyses of these publications revealed primary care settings or health clinic settings offered the most evidence of effective interventions, with noticeable gaps in research on interventions within other settings. Implications for social work practice and research are discussed. (Publisher abstract)