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Factor structure of the 10-item CES-D scale among community dwelling older adults in Singapore
- Authors:
- LEE Alex E. Y., CHOKKANATHAN Srinivasan
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(6), June 2008, pp.592-597.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The objective of this study was to establish the factor structure, reliability and validity of a brief Community Epidemiological Study - Depression (CESD) scale among Community dwelling older adults in Singapore. Data were derived from interviews conducted among 1,013 randomly selected non-institutionalised adults aged 65 and above in Singapore. First, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted to test three factors in the entire sample: a one-factor model, a two-factor model (Depressed affect, Positive affect) and a three-factor model (Depressed affect, Somatic retardation, and Positive affect). Next, Multi-Group Analysis was conducted to test the scale invariance for male and female older adults. The findings supported a two-factor model - depressed affect and positive affect for the entire sample. In addition, multi-group analysis showed the two-factor structure to be invariant for male and female older adults. It was concluded that brief CESD demonstrates adequate reliability and validity. The CESD scores can be used to compare symptoms of depression between male and female older adults.