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Informal and formal care: exploring the complementary
- Authors:
- CHAPPELL Neena, BLANDFORD Audrey
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 11(3), September 1991, pp.299-317.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The authors study the characteristics of those who do and those who do not make use of both systems, analysing the data from a Canadian survey; it appears that use of the formal system in conjunction with informal care takes the form of sharing the overall task load.
Comparative costs of home care and residential care
- Authors:
- CHAPPELL Neena, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 44(3), June 2004, pp.389-400.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This paper reports on Canadian research that examined the cost effectiveness of home care for seniors as a substitute for long-term institutional services. Two Canadian cities were included in the research: Victoria, British Columbia, and Winnipeg, Manitoba. The research computes the costs of formal care and informal care in both settings and ensures comparable groups of clients in both settings by comparing individuals at the same level of care. The results reveal that costs were significantly lower for community clients than for facility clients, regardless of whether costs only to the government were taken into account or whether both formal and informal costs were taken into account. When informal caregiver time is valued at either minimum wage or replacement wage, there was a substantial jump in the average annual costs for both community and facility clients relative to when informal caregiver time was valued at zero. Nevertheless, the results reveal that home care is significantly less costly than residential care even when informal caregiver time is valued at replacement wage.