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Couples' provision of informal care for parents and parents-in-law: far from sharing equally?
- Author:
- HENZ Ursula
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 29(3), April 2009, pp.369-395.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study examines whether and how couples share the provision of informal care for their parents. Four waves of the British General Household Survey contain cross-sectional information about caring for parents and parents-in-law. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted on 2214 couples that provided parent care. The findings emphasise married men's contribution to informal caring for the parental generation and at the same time demonstrate the limits of their involvement. Spouses share many parts of their care-giving but this arrangement is less common with respect to personal and physical care. The more care is required the more likely are people to participate in care for their parents-in-law. More sons-in-law than daughters-in-law provide care but, once involved, daughters-in-law provide on average more hours of care than sons-in-law. Own full-time employment reduces both men's and women's caring for their parents-in-law, and men's caring drops further if their wife is not in the labour market. The findings suggest that daughters-in-law often take direct responsibility whereas sons-in-laws' care-giving depends more on their wives' involvement. Children-in-laws' informal care-giving might decrease in the future because of women's increasing involvement in the labour market and rising levels of non-marital cohabitation in mid-life.
Family commitments under negotiation: dual carers in Finland and Italy
- Author:
- ZECHNER Minna
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Administration, 38(6), December 2004, pp.640-653.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper makes a comparison between Finnish and Italian working dual carers. Dual carers have responsibilities simultaneously at two different fronts. The selected Finnish and Italian samples of carers are doing similar care work in different settings. They negotiate care with a variety of actors and under differing circumstances. A care life story has been constructed for each participant. Then these care life stories have been compared with each other, especially at points where the need for negotiation has been evident, at life's various turning points. There are many individual similarities in negotiations performed in Finland and in Italy. However, their divergent contexts create considerable variation.
Research into practice
- Author:
- CRAWFORD Karin
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 21.11.02, 2002, p.45.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Debates about the growing number of informal carers who combine the caring role with paid employment are not new. Chapter three of the National Carers' Strategy states that "half of all working carers spend over five hours per week on informal care, with 20 per cent caring for more than 20 hours."1 Within the strategy, the government also acknowledges that, in the future, more middle-aged people will take on more informal caring.
Working carers: international perspectives on working and caring for older people
- Editor:
- PHILLIPS Judith
- Publisher:
- Avebury
- Publication year:
- 1995
- Pagination:
- 169p.,tables,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- Aldershot
Presents different perspectives on working carers who care for older people. The publication aims to reflect on the different stages in the development of this issue by looking first at the British perspective; then Europe and finally looking at developments in North America.
Volunteering among Japanese older adults: how are hours of paid work and unpaid work for family associated with volunteer participation?
- Authors:
- KOBAYASHI Erika, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 39(11), 2019, pp.2420-2442.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
As the population ages, older adults are increasingly expected to play multiple productive roles. This study examined how hours of paid or unpaid work were associated with volunteering among older Japanese. Data came from the 2012 National Survey of the Japanese Elderly, a nationwide survey of Japanese aged 60 and older (N = 1,324). The researchers performed multinominal logistic regression analyses to predict volunteering (regular or occasional versus non-volunteer) based on hours of paid work and unpaid work for family consisting of sick/disabled care, grandchild care and household chores. Those who worked moderate hours were most likely to be a regular volunteer while working 150 hours or more per month had a lower probability of volunteering, regardless of whether the work was paid or unpaid. Thus, full-time level work competed with volunteering for both paid and unpaid work for family, but it was more so for paid work. By types of activities, doing household chores and substantial grandchild care were positively associated with volunteering, and the latter complementary relationship was explained by a larger community network among grandparents. The findings indicate that delaying retirement from full-time paid work may reduce the supply of regular volunteers in the community. Thus, policies to increase part-time work for older adults as well as the types of volunteer work in which paid workers can participate are necessary. (Edited publisher abstract)
The relationship between elder care-giving and labour force participation in the context of policies addressing population ageing: a review of empirical studies published between 2006 and 2016
- Author:
- MOUSSA Margaret Malke
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 39(6), 2019, pp.1281-1310.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This paper systematically reviews empirical research published between 2006 and 2016 on the relationship between informal care-giving to elders and labour force participation (LFP). It does so in the context of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development policy responses to population ageing. In this context, conclusions regarding the LFP and care-giving relationship should at least be applicable to the sub-population of working-aged individuals who are most likely to provide informal elder care. Currently, these are women in mid-life and the recipients of their care are mostly extra-residential parents. The review's key conclusion is that mid-life women care-givers of elderly parents are significantly likely to reduce their working hours and also to work fewer hours relative to their non-care-giving counterparts. In drawing this conclusion, the review shows that studies finding only modest care-giving effects on LFP either do not adequately control for care-giving intensity or their conclusions apply to sub-populations less likely to be affected by policies addressing population ageing. (Edited publisher abstract)
Information and communication technology-mediated support for working carers of older family members: an integrative literature review
- Authors:
- ANDERSSON Stefan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Care and Caring, 1(2), 2017, pp.247-273.
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
How best to support working carers is being paid increased attention across Europe and internationally. This article examines a largely unexplored area within the empirical literature, namely, information and communication technology-mediated support for working carers of older people. Using an integrative review methodology to draw on both quantitative and qualitative data, 14 studies were identified. Themes included making work–life balance easier, reducing the burden of caregiving and promoting well-being. Factors to consider in the design, implementation and evaluation of innovative support solutions for working carers are put forward. However, a lack of longitudinal studies and biased samples warrants further investigation. (Publisher abstract)
Working longer, caring harder - the impact of 'ageing-in-place' policies on working carers in the UK and Sweden
- Authors:
- STARR Madeleine, SZEBEHELY Marta
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Care and Caring, 1(1), 2017, pp.115-119.
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
Most developed countries have introduced significant changes in housing and long term care policies for older people. Simultaneously, there is increasing policy and economic emphasis on extending working lives and on changes to pension schemes. These changes have combined to have negative consequences for working-age family carers. In this contribution the authors discuss the situations in the UK and Sweden - two countries with different policy traditions but facing similar challenges. (Edited publisher abstract)
The changing face of retirement: future patterns of work, health, care and income among the older population
- Authors:
- EMMERSON Carl, HEALD Katherine, HOOD Andrew
- Publisher:
- Institute for Fiscal Studies
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 66
- Place of publication:
- London
Using date from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this report presents projections of mortality, family composition, health, care receipt, care provision, labour supply and receipt of disability benefits for people aged 65 and over from 2010-11 through to 2022-23. It also provides projections of wealth and incomes, and offers commentary on the net income distribution and rates of poverty for those aged 65 and over through to the early 2020s The final section of the report discusses the effect some alternative policy scenarios could have on the evolution of these incomes. (Edited publisher abstract)
Combining paid work and family care: policies and experiences in international perspective
- Authors:
- KROGER Teppo, YEANDLE Sue
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- Publication year:
- 2013
- Pagination:
- 256
- Place of publication:
- Bristol
As populations age around the world, increasing efforts are required from both families and governments to secure care and support for older and disabled people.At the same time, both women and men are expected to increase and lengthen their participation in paid work, which makes combining caring and working a burning issue for social and employment policy and economic sustainability. International discussion about the reconciliation of work and care has previously focused mostly on childcare. Combining paid work and family care widens the debate, bringing into discussion the experiences of those providing support to their partners, older relatives and disabled or seriously ill children. The book analyses the situations of these working carers in Nordic, liberal and East Asian welfare systems. Highlighting what can be learned from individual experiences, the book analyses the changing welfare and labour market policies which shape the lives of working carers in Finland, Sweden, Australia, England, Japan and Taiwan. The book is arranged in three parts: working carers of older people; working parent-carers of disabled children; and working partner-carers. (Edited publisher abstract)