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Association of age and gender with anxiety disorders in older adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
- Authors:
- GRENIER Sebastien, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(3), 2019, pp.397-407.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objectives: To provide an estimate of 12‐month and lifetime prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM‐IV) anxiety disorders in older adults based on published studies on this topic and to identify the impact of gender and age. Methods/Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed. Six databases were searched, and manual searches through reference lists of selected articles and reviews were performed. When the information was available, summary effects were calculated for the prevalence of each anxiety disorder and for every age and gender subgroups. Summary odd ratios (OR) were calculated to compare the prevalence of an anxiety disorder according to age and gender. Results: A total of 6464 studies were identified, and 16 studies were included in the meta‐analyses. Prevalence was significantly higher in women than men for generalized anxiety disorder (12 month OR = 6.10, P = 0.001; lifetime OR = 1.96, P = 0.001), 12‐month social anxiety disorder (OR = 2.07, P = 0.01), and lifetime post‐traumatic stress disorder (OR = 1.93, P = 0.002). The prevalence of specific phobia was significantly lower in both the 75 to 84 and 85 years and above age groups when compared with the 65 to 74 years age group (OR = 0.70, P = 0.004 and OR = 0.63, P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the tendency for women to experience a greater prevalence of anxiety disorders remains present in older adults. Specific phobia was the only disorder to be less frequent with advancing age. This is likely to change with the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) criteria because this new DSM version now indicates that fear of falling is a possible type of specific phobia and fear of falling is generally more frequent in the oldest age groups. (Edited publisher abstract)
A systematic review of sexual assaults in nursing homes
- Authors:
- SMITH Daisy, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 58(6), 2018, pp.e369-e383.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The dramatic growth in the older adults (65 years+) has created an equivalent increase in the number of nursing home (NH) residents. NH residents often lack physical and cognitive abilities, making them particularly vulnerable to assault. Although sexual assault is among one of the most shocking types of assault, it is also the least acknowledged, detected, and reported type of assault against NH residents. This systematic review examines victim/perpetrator sociodemographic and relationship characteristics as well as the forensic characteristics of sexual assaults occurring in NH. Design and Methods: A 7 database systematic search of studies published between January 1, 1949 and October 26, 2015 was conducted that examined sexual assaults in NH. Articles reporting on sexual assault in NH and other institutional settings were eligible. Community-dwelling populations and studies not describing sexual assault or physical aspects of sexual assault were excluded. Sexual assault was not restricted to a single definition, study method, or country. Results: Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. Sexual assault was the least reported type of assault in NH. Victims of sexual assault were likely to be females with cognitive or physical impairments. Perpetrators were likely to be male residents, although staff members were also substantiated. Forensic characteristics and investigative data were limited. Study limitation included inconsistencies between study purposes and small sample sizes. Implications: This review highlights a gap in knowledge regarding sexual assaults in NH and demonstrates a need for better staff training in detecting, examining, and managing sexual assaults in NH. (Publisher abstract)
Folate and B12 serum levels in association with depression in the aged: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- PETRIDOU Eleni Th, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 20(9), 2016, pp.965-673.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: To systematically review and meta-analyse existing evidence on the association between folate/B12, and depression among the aged people. Methods: Following PRISMA/STROBE guidelines, the Medline abstracts were retrieved using an algorithm comprising relevant MeSH terms. Publications on the association of folate/B12 serum measurements with depression were abstracted independently by two reviewers and included in both gender and gender-specific meta-analyses, following recarculations of published data as appropriate. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. Results: Both gender data were contributed by 11 folate-related (7949 individuals) and 9 B12-related studies (6308 individuals), whereas gender-specific data by 4 folate-related (3409 individuals) and 3 B12-related studies (1934 individuals). A statistically significant overall association between both exposures of interest (low folate and B12 levels) and depression was observed (ORfolate:1.23, 95%CI:1.07–1.43, ORB12:1.20, 95%CI:1.02–1.42). Gender-specific estimates pointed to a statistically significant positive association between low B12 levels and depression only among women (OR:1.33, 95%CI:1.02–1.74); the gender specific associations of low folate levels with depression were, however, non-significant and of counter-direction (ORfemales:1.37, 95%CI:0.90–2.07; ORmales:0.84, 95%CI:0.57–1.25). Conclusion: Low folate and B12 serum levels seem to be associated with depression in the aged. The gender-specific analyses are confined to a positive association of low B12 with depression among older women and call for further research in this direction. (Publisher abstract)
Risk factors for the late-onset psychoses: a systematic review of cohort studies
- Authors:
- BRUNELLE Sarah, COLE Martin G., ELIE Michel
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(3), March 2012, pp.240-252.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Identification of the risk factors for psychoses with onset in late adulthood is central to understanding of the underlying pathological process. The aim of this study was to systematically review cohort studies on risk factors for psychosis appearing in late adulthood. A literature search was performed which identified 12 articles corresponding to 11 cohort studies of risk factors for psychotic symptoms or disorders with onset at 40 years of age or older. The validity of the studies was assessed according to evidence-based medicine criteria for risk factors studies. Data were extracted and tabulated for qualitative and quantitative analyses. A total of 32 potential risk factors were investigated in these studies. In the qualitative analysis, only the history of psychotic symptoms, cognitive problems, poor health status, visual impairment, and negative life events appeared to be significant risk factors of late-onset psychosis. Older age, female gender, and hearing impairment were not associated with psychosis in older patients.
Gender differences in caregiver stressors, social resources, and health: an updated meta-analysis
- Authors:
- PINQUART Martin, SÖRENSEN Silvia
- Journal article citation:
- Journals of Gerontology Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61(1), January 2006, pp.33-45.
- Publisher:
- The Gerontological Society of America
This meta-analysis of 229 studies examines gender differences in caregiver psychological and physical health, and tests a number of theoretical explanations for observed gender differences in caregiver stressors, resources and health. Contrary to common belief, gender differences in caregiving variables were small or very small. Women had higher levels of burden or depression, and lower levels of subjective well being and physical health. They also reported greater behavioural problems in their care recipient, provided more caregiving hours and helped with more caregiving tasks. There were no significant gender differences in the use of formal or informal support. When controlling for gender differences in stressors and resources, the gender differences seen in depression and physical health were reduced to levels observed in the non-caregiving population, thus supporting the stress-and-coping theories on gender differences in caregiving. The significant gender differences in burden, depression, amount of care provision and the quality of the relationship with the care recipient were, however, of practical significance, and should be taken into account in interventions aimed at negative caregiver outcomes.