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Gender differences in burden and depression among informal caregivers of demented in the community
- Authors:
- GALLICCHIO Lisa, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(2), February 2002, pp.154-163.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Reports on a Canadian study to determine whether gender differences exist in the prevalence of burden and depression among informal caregivers of community-residing dementia patients. Concludes that adequate assistance must be given to women caregivers to ensure that they are not strained beyond what is clinically healthy. In addition, interventions should target caregivers of behaviorally disturbed patients as well as caregivers who report poor physical health to reduce the negative psychological impact of caregiving.
Gender and interactions between care staff and elderly nursing home residents and dementia
- Authors:
- LINDESAY James, SKEA Derek
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12(3), March 1997, pp.344-348.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Explores the relationship between gender and the interactions of care staff and elderly people with dementia in residential care. Findings suggest that gender may be a significant factor determining the rate of interactions between staff and residents in residential care, but further studies are required to confirm their generalizability across settings.
Anxiety disorders, depressive episodes and cognitive impairment no dementia in community-dwelling older men and women
- Authors:
- POTVIN Olivier, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(10), October 2011, pp.1080-1088.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Anxiety symptoms are highly prevalent in elders with mild cognitive disorders. The examination of anxiety disorders in older people with cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) could provide a better comprehension of the psychiatric symptomatology that arises in these persons at high risk of dementia. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and subclinical anxiety disorders associated with CIND and to determine whether these associations differ depending on sex and concomitant depressive episodes. Data was collected through the Enquête sur la santé des aînés (ESA study), a population based study conducted in 2005-2006. The participants were a random sample of 2414 community-dwelling adults aged 65–96 years who underwent semi-structured at-home interviews and provided access to their medical records. The anxiety disorders investigated included specific phobia, social phobia, agoraphobia, panic disorder, obsessive–compulsive, and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). The findings showed that in men, after adjusting for confounding variables, CIND was associated with subclinical GAD. Further analyses showed that in men, CIND was related to clinical/subclinical GAD whether MDE/MD was present or absent. In women, CIND was not linked to any clinical or subclinical anxiety disorder. These results suggest that GAD is the main anxiety disorder associated with poor global cognitive functioning. This association is modified by sex, but not by the presence of depressive episodes.
Men caring for wives or partners with dementia: masculinity, strain and gain
- Authors:
- BAKER Kevin L., ROBERTSON Noelle, CONNELLY David
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 14(3), April 2010, pp.319-327.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Over the last 3 decades, demographic changes in the developed world have meant more older men find themselves in caregiving roles. Little research has been undertaken with male caregivers in dementia care. Although there is general consensus that men construe care differently to women, gender has seldom been treated as an independent variable that can inform supportive interventions. This study sought to explore how facets of masculinity might relate to male caregivers' appraisals of strain and gain in dementia care. Seventy men, currently caring for a partner with dementia, completed questionnaires exploring their gender identity (Personal Attributes Questionnaire), gender role conflict (Gender Role Conflict Scale), and appraisals of carer strain and gain (Brief Zarit Burden Interview and Caregiving Satisfaction Scale). They were also asked to provide demographic information and, since caregiver strain is significantly affected by a care-receiver's cognitive and behavioural difficulties, to complete the revised Memory and Behaviour Problems Checklist. A series of regression analyses revealed contrasting findings to previous studies. Gender identity did not appear important in carer's evaluations of strain or gain, and only the 'restrictive affectionate behaviour between men' subscale of gender role conflict had explanatory power in analyses with all strain and gain variables. The discussion considers possible explanations for these findings, and how they may be influenced by response bias and defended masculinity.
Predictors of neuropsychiatric symptoms in nursing home patients: influence of gender and dementia severity
- Authors:
- ZUIDEMA Sytse, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(10), October 2009, pp.1079-1086.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study aimed to assess the influence of dementia severity and gender on neuropsychiatric symptoms in demented nursing home patients. It assessed a sample of Dutch nursing home patients using the Cohan-Mansfield Agitation Inventory and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home version. The influence of gender and severity of cognitive decline, assessed with the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), was investigated with correction for factors such as age, duration of institutionalisation, and psychoactive medication use. The results showed that while physically aggressive behaviour was more common in patients with very severe cognitive deterioration, disinhibition, irritability, physically non-aggressive and verbally agitated behaviour were more common in patients with moderately severe and severe cognitive decline. Physically aggressive behaviour was more common in men, whereas female patients demonstrated more verbally agitated behaviour. The study concluded that neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with the severity of dementia, with most symptoms occurring in patients showing moderately severe cognitive decline, that only physical aggression, anxiety and apathy were more common in patients with very severe cognitive decline and that dementia severity and gender were important predictors of neuropsychiatric symptoms in this patient cohort.
Risk factors for dementia in central Nigeria
- Authors:
- OCHAYI B., THACHER T. D.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 10(6), November 2006, pp.616-620.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Little is known about the prevalence of dementia and its associated risk factors in developing countries. Some studies suggest that the prevalence of dementia is lower in developing countries than it is in high-income nations. We sought to determine risk factors for dementia in elderly persons in central Nigeria. Using the standardized Community Screening Instrument for Dementia, we screened a stratified, random community sample of 280 persons aged 65 years and older for dementia. We examined the independent association of known risk factors with dementia using logistic regression. The overall prevalence of dementia was 6.4% (95% CI 3.8–9.9%). Independent risk factors for dementia included female sex, body mass index of 18.5 kg/m2 or less, and age. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use was associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Education, blood pressure, history of stroke, family history of dementia, and rural residence were not significantly associated with dementia in the multivariate model. The prevalence of dementia in central Nigeria may be greater than that found in other developing countries. Female sex, low body mass index, lack of NSAID use, and advancing age were the major risk factors in this population.
Dementia patients caregivers quality of life: the pixel study
- Author:
- THOMAS Philippe
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(1), January 2006, pp.50-56.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This French survey aimed to determine parameters influencing caregivers' quality of life, and its possible link with patients' quality of life. A scale measuring caregivers' quality of life, developed from data from previous PIXEL studies was used. It is a questionnaire composed of 20 items. The scale was related to the socio-demographic data of both patients and their main caregivers, to the ADRQL scale (Alzheimer Disease Related Quality Life) of Rabins for the QoL of dementia patients, to the patients medical and therapeutic data, specially a neuropsychological inventory: Folstein's cognition test, Cornell's depression scale, the fast battery of frontal assessment, Katz's dependence index, Cummings' neuropsychiatric inventory for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and to a physician evaluation of caregiver's depression. One hundred patients diagnosed with dementia who live at home with their principal caregivers were recruited for this survey. The caregivers' quality of life was correlated to the quality of life of the patients they cared for, the importance of behavioural disorders, and the duration of dementia evolution. Women caregivers had a worse quality of life and were more depressive than men.
Delusions of Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease
- Authors:
- IKEDA Manabu, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(6), June 2003, pp.527-532.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Delusions constitute one of the most prominent psychiatric complications in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is little consensus of the prevalence and associated factors for delusions in AD. 112 consecutive patients with AD were recruited over a one year period and administered the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Delusions were present in 53 patients (47.3%). Delusions of theft were the most common type of delusion (75.5% of patients with delusions), followed by misidentification delusions and delusions of suspicion. More hallucination, agitation, and female gender were found in the delusions group. The authors found a high frequency of delusions, particularly of delusions of theft and suggested that gender was associated with the expression of delusions in Japanese patients with AD.
Male and female care: a different experience?
- Author:
- FEAR Tina
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Dementia Care, 8(4), July 2000, pp.28-29.
- Publisher:
- Hawker
Presents the results of two small qualitative studies on whether male and female carers have different approaches to the caring role.
Wandering behaviour in community residing persons with dementia
- Authors:
- KLEIN Diane, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(4), April 1999, pp.272-279.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Reports on a study which aims to examine wandering behaviour in elderly demented persons in the community and to generate a statistical model to assess the relative importance factors in predicting wandering behaviour. Results found that wandering behaviour was significantly more prevalent in patients with Alzheimer Dementia, patients with dementia of longer duration, and patients with more severe dementia. Concludes that wandering behaviour among community-residing elderly dementia patients is associated with a number of factors, some of which may be subject to modification. It is possible that management of coexistent psychopathology, particularly of sleep disorder, and of the underlying disease process of AD would help to ameliorate this problematic behavioural disorder.