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Differences in caregivers' psychological distress and associated factors by care recipients' gender and kinship
- Authors:
- IWATA Norboru, HORIGHUCHI Kazuko
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 20(12), 2016, pp.1277-1285.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: This study examined the level of psychological distress of Japanese caregivers according to various combinations of the gender of care recipients and the kinship of caregivers (spouse, son, daughter, or daughter-in-law). It also explored the associated factors that could exacerbate or alleviate psychological distress. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive design and implemented a self-administered questionnaire survey with a two-stage stratified sample of community-dwelling caregivers of frail elderly persons throughout Japan. A total of 1279 caregiving families were surveyed, and 1020 questionnaires were completed by primary caregivers (response rate: 79.8%), with 945 respondents providing data on the Japanese version of the Kessler 6 psychological distress scale (K6). Results: Caregivers' K6 scores varied significantly by care recipients' gender and their relationship with the caregiver. K6 scores were significantly higher among daughters-in-law caring for fathers-in-law than among daughters-in-law caring for mothers-in-law, wives caring for husbands, or daughters or sons caring for mothers. ‘Negative influence of caregiving’ and ‘anxious about continuing caregiving’ were factors that commonly exacerbated caregivers' psychological distress. Further analyses involving interactions indicated that the effects of ‘anxious about continuing caregiving’ and ‘personal growth through caregiving’ on the psychological distress of daughters-in-law varied by care recipients' gender as did the effects of an alleviating factor, ‘keeping their own pace’, on daughters. Conclusions: Psychological distress levels among family caregivers, as well as exacerbating and alleviating factors, varied depending on the gender and kinship of care recipients. (Edited publisher abstract)
Delusions of Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease
- Authors:
- IKEDA Manabu, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(6), June 2003, pp.527-532.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Delusions constitute one of the most prominent psychiatric complications in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is little consensus of the prevalence and associated factors for delusions in AD. 112 consecutive patients with AD were recruited over a one year period and administered the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Delusions were present in 53 patients (47.3%). Delusions of theft were the most common type of delusion (75.5% of patients with delusions), followed by misidentification delusions and delusions of suspicion. More hallucination, agitation, and female gender were found in the delusions group. The authors found a high frequency of delusions, particularly of delusions of theft and suggested that gender was associated with the expression of delusions in Japanese patients with AD.
The World Health Organisation perspective on gender, ageing and health
- Author:
- KALACHE Alexandre
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing International, 24(4), Spring 1998, pp.39-48.
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Place of publication:
- New York
The World Health Organisation (WHO) Ageing and Health Program has adopted the notion of gender as a key perspective to it's programme components. In this article the author cites health and ageing examples from Japan, Africa and other nations to demonstrate why there is a need for increasing recognition of gender differences.
Socioeconomic factors and the risk of cognitive decline among the elderly population in Japan
- Author:
- OKAMOTO Shohei
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(2), 2019, pp.265-271.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Aim: In Japan, with the largest percentage of population aged 65 years or over, a dementia strategy is needed not only from a medical perspective, but also from a social policy viewpoint. This study aimed to verify the association between socioeconomic factors and cognitive decline among Japanese elderly people. Methods: Cognitive decline was assessed over a 15‐year follow‐up period using memory tests or through identifying missing/proxy responses to survey questions due to cognitive dysfunction. The author analysed 1886 men and 2102 women in Japan, using competing risk models for cognitive decline, to consider survival effects. Survival effects have not been considered so far although those who live longer may be more likely to experience cognitive decline. Results: Men with higher income had a lower risk of cognitive decline (sub‐hazard ratio [SHR]: 0.997, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.995‐0.999). Women with higher education had a lower risk of cognitive decline: 8 to 9 years (SHR: 0.646, 95% CI: 0.457‐0.914) and ≥12 years (SHR: 0.360, 95% CI: 0.164‐0.794) than women with 0 to 7 years of education. Conclusion: This study suggests that cognitive decline among the elderly Japanese population is associated with socioeconomic factors, such as income and education, even after taking survival effects into account. (Edited publisher abstract)
Politics of defamilialization: a comparison of Italy, Japan, Korea and Spain
- Authors:
- ESTEVEZ-ABE Margarita, NALDINI Manuela
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of European Social Policy, 26(4), 2016, pp.327-343.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article investigates the politics of ‘defamilialization of care’ in four familialist countries – Italy, Japan, Korea and Spain – during the past 15 years. By ‘defamilialization of care’, the authors refer to those public policies, which aim at reducing the care responsibility of the family – both for the young and the old. They build upon the existing literature on new social risks by highlighting the role of those macro-political institutions such as electoral systems and government types in order to demonstrate that there are two very different types of politics of defamilialization: (1) election-oriented and (2) problem-oriented. The authors attribute different policy outcomes in the four familialist countries to their specific institutional configurations rather than to partisan government composition or different cultural orientations. (Edited publisher abstract)
Outcomes of community-based screening for depression and suicide prevention among Japanese elders
- Authors:
- OYAMA Hirofumi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 46(6), December 2006, pp.821-826.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This study evaluates outcomes of a community-based program to prevent suicide among elderly individuals aged 65 and older. The study used a quasi-experimental design with intervention and referent municipalities. The program included a 7-year implementation of depression screening with follow-up by general practitioners and a 10-year implementation of public education conducted in Yasuzuka (population 4,940; elderly suicide rate for women, 275/100,000; for men, 323/100,000). Changes in the risk of completing suicide before and after the 10-year implementation by the incidence-rate ratio (IRR) were estimated. The results found risk for women in the intervention area was reduced by 64%, whereas there was no significant change in the risk for men in the intervention area and either men or women in the referent municipalities. A ratio of the IRR for women aged 65 to 74 in the intervention area to that in its prefecture was estimated at 0.23, showing that the risk reduction was greater than the secular trend. It is concluded that the management of depression by use of community resources involving public health and primary care physicians is effective in the prevention of suicide for elderly women but uncertain for men.
Gender differences in the contributions of risk factors to depressive symptoms among the elderly persons dwelling in a community, Japan
- Authors:
- KATSUMATA Yuriko, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(11), November 2005, pp.1084-1089.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim was to examine the relative importance of risk factors associated with depressive symptoms and gender differences in exposure to the risk factors among the elderly persons living in the community. The data came from the Minamifurano-town Aging Study, a community-based sample of non-institutionalized elderly persons aged 65 years or older. Of the 731 eligible subjects, 665 were assessed for four domains of the potential risk factors (demographic characteristics, health and disability, stress, and social networks) and depressive symptoms according to the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The mean overall GDS-score was 10.9 (SD 6.2), 10.2 (SD 6.0) in men and 11.6 (SD 6.4) in women. The stress domain in men and the health and disability domain in women contributed most to the explanation of the variation in the GDS-score. Stress for men and health and disability status for women were important factors associated with depressive symptoms. Future studies should determine whether modification of these factors may prevent depression among the elderly persons living in the community.
Differences between men and women in social relations, resource deficits, and depressive symptomatology during later life in four nations
- Authors:
- ANTONUCCI Toni C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Issues, 58(4), Winter 2002, pp.767-783.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article examines gender differences in social relations and resource deficits in France, Germany, Japan , and the United States. These data, from regionally representative samples, indicate few gender differences in quantity or quality of social relations, but that women are more likely than men to experience widowhood, illness, and financial strain. In all countries, more deficits and more negative social interactions are associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Among women in France and Japan, but not among men in any country, quality of social relations offsets the negative consequences of resource deficits. Findings suggest that quality of social relations may have important implications for helping people, particularly women, cope with resource deficits common in late life.
Gender of demented patients and specific family relationship of caregiver to patients influence mental fatigue and burdens on relatives as caregivers
- Authors:
- NAGATOMO Itsugi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(8), August 1999, pp.618-625.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This is a Japanese survey of the burden and psychological problems of family caregivers of demented people. Caregiver burden, general health and dementia behaviour disturbance for male patients were significantly higher than for females. General health for spouses was significantly worse than for offspring. The difficulties experienced by carers was directly related to the cognitive impairment and behaviour of their demented family member, resulting in mental fatigue for the caregiver.
Health and Canadian society: sociological perspectives
- Editors:
- COBURN David, D'ARCY Carl, TORRANCE George M.
- Publisher:
- University of Toronto Press
- Publication year:
- 1998
- Pagination:
- 648p.,tables,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- Toronto
Presents a comprehensive overview of the relationship between health, health care, and Canadian society. Includes chapters on: health care costs; health status of Canadians; social distribution of health; low income and child health; the impact of aboriginal health interpreters on decision making; women's perspective on chronic illness; cultural constructions of menopausal women in Japan and Canada; role strains and tranquilliser use; gender and depression; the impact of working conditions, social roles and personal characteristics on gender differences in distress; predictors of successful ageing; women in medicine; maternity traditions and contemporary issues in Canada; womens perspectives on informal care of older people; Ontario's public general hospitals; partnership as a new strategy in mental health policy; community participation in Quebec's health system; the limits of health insurance; family policy and health care in Canada, Sweden and the United States; fiscal crisis and the restructuring of Medicare; and the sociology of health in Canada.